Vitamin D Status and Related Factors in Newborns in Shanghai, China

Abstract

With the increasing recognition of the importance of the non-skeletal effects of vitamin D (VitD), more and more attention has been drawn to VitD status in early life. However, the VitD status of newborns and factors that influence VitD levels in Shanghai, China, remain unclear. A total of 1030 pregnant women were selected from two hospitals in Shanghai, one of the largest cities in China located at 31 degrees north latitude. Umbilical cord serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by LC-MS-MS, and questionnaires were used to collect information. The median cord serum 25(OH)D concentration was 22.4 ng/mL; the concentration lower than 20 ng/mL accounted for 36.3% of the participants, and the concentration lower than 30 ng/mL for 84.1%. A multivariable logistic regression model showed that the determinants of low 25(OH)D status were being born during autumn or winter months and a lack of VitD-related multivitamin supplementation. The relative risk was 1.7 for both autumn (95% CI, 1.1–2.6) and winter (95% CI, 1.1–2.5) births (p < 0.05). VitD-related multivitamin supplementation more than once a day during pregnancy reduced the risk of VitD deficiency [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.6, 95% CI (0.45–1.0) for VitD supplementation] (p < 0.05). VitD deficiency and insufficiency are common in newborns in Shanghai, China, and are independently associated with season and VitD supplementation. Our findings may assist future efforts to correct low levels of 25(OH)D in Shanghai mothers and their newborn children.

Vitamin D Status in Early Preterm Infants

“…In . Similar seasonal variation was found in another study in Shanghai, China; the highest 25hydroxyvitamin D concentrations oc curred from June to August, and then decreased from September through February 17) . In another study conducted in the sou theastern United States, seasonal variation was found only in Caucasian mothers and infants; it was higher during the summer and lower during winter and early spring, but this variation was not found in the AfricanAmerican mothers and infants 31) .…”

A study of pattern of vitamin D deficiency in newborns with reference to its gestational age and birth weight

“…Other studies done by Xiaodan et al and Burris et al showed no association between vitamin D level and gestational age. 20,21 In a study done by Fallahi M et al showed 48.5% of preterm and 65.5% of term neonates had vitamin D deficiency showing more deficiency in term babies than in preterm babies which was contrary to this study. 22 In this study, the maximum number of newborns were belonging to AGA group 83 (83%) followed by SGA 11 (11%) and LGA 6(6%) ( Table 4).…”

Vitamin D levels in preterm and term neonates at birth

“…13 Similar results were found found in study done by Khuri N in Jordan, Park S in Korea, Xiaodon in China, with deficiency in 94%, 91.7%, 84.1% neonates respectively. [14][15][16] Sachan A et al found low levels of cord blood 25 (OH) D (8.4±5.7 ng/mL). 17 Zeghoud F et al found 63.7% of the infants had calcidiol concentrations < or = 30 nmol/L at birth.…”