Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a significant health problem throughout India irrespective of gender, age, race and geography. It plays important role in neonatal period in fetal skeletal growth, prevention of rickets, sepsis, respiratory tract infections, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other endocrine disorders. Thus, we aim to study vitamin D levels in neonates at birth and its relationship with gestational age. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study. Total 300 neonates born at SGRDIMSR, Amritsar were enrolled out of which 150 were term and 150 preterm. Results: Overall 85.67% neonates were found to be deficient in vitamin D. Mean 25 (OH) levels in <32, 32≤37, ≥37 weeks gestation was 12.46, 17.96, 19.36 ng/dl respectively. Deficiency was present in 94.74%, 87.78%, 82.67% and neonates born <32 weeks, 32≤37 weeks, ≥37 weeks gestation respectively. No significant relationship was found between vitamin D and gestational age. Vitamin D levels were higher in neonates born by LSCS and mothers without vitamin D supplementation. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in neonates. Premature neonates had low levels as compared to the mature ones however the association between two was found to be insignificant.
Crouzon syndrome is an example of syndromes caused by premature obliteration and ossification of two or more sutures, most commonly coronal and sagittal. Described by a French neurosurgeon in 1912, it is a rare genetic disorder. Crouzon syndrome is caused by mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. This disorder is characterized by distinctive malformations of skull and face (craniofacial region). Premature cranial suture closure is the most common skull abnormality. The case of an 8-month-old boy with Crouzon syndrome which is one of syndromes associated with synostosis, is presented. He presented in OPD with a cranial deformity, maxillary hypoplasia and exophthalmos. The clinical, characteristic radiological features and investigations carried out, along with treatment of this patient are discussed as part of multidisciplinary management.
BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial retinal vaso-proliferative disorder which remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide despite improvements in neonatal care and management guidelines. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of ROP among preterm neonates and to determine the risk factors. METHODS: All preterm infants with birth weight <1750 gm and gestation <34 weeks were screened for ROP at 4 weeks of birth for rst screening. Prenatal and postnatal risk factors, neonatal problems, treatment given, procedures and interventions done during stay in neonatal intensive care unit were recorded as per the proforma. The data from the study was systematically collected, compiled and statistically analyzed with SPSS Statistics-26 version to draw relevant conclusions. RESULTS: The incidence of ROP in 89 infants who were screened was 44%. The mean gestational age of babies with ROP was 32 weeks. In our study, pneumonia, apnea, sepsis, thrombocytopenia, NEC, shock, acidosis, IVH, BPD, the use of Bubble CPAP, Venti-CPAP and mechanical ventilator, the vasopressor use and blood transfusion were signicant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ROP was signicantly higher in babies <34 weeks. It was observed in our that lower the birth weight and lower the gestational age, higher is the risk for the development of ROP. Careful and timed retinal examination of all at risk infants will minimize the development of ROP and later on blindness.
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