Vitamin D Status and Its Influence on the Health of Preschool Children in Hangzhou

Chen, Zhaojun; Xi, Lifeng; Hu, Wensheng; Qian, Xiaohong; Wu, Ting; Zhu, Yunxia

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.675403

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Our finding adds to the growing literature pointing to an association between low 25(OH)D and caries in children [4,10,12,21,22]. While most of these studies are crosssectional in design, there is emerging evidence from prospective studies that also indicate an inverse relationship [10,22,23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…This review also suggested that low vitamin D levels should be considered as a potential risk factor for caries in children [5]. A recent Chinese study reported that children with optimal 25(OH)D levels had a significantly lower prevalence of ECC [21], while a small study from Iraq reported significantly higher 25(OH)D levels among caries-free preschool children [26]. However, another study revealed a statistically weak relationship between 25(OH)D status in early childhood and caries in primary teeth in children who were 6 years old [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Vitamin D and Dental Caries in a Sample of Canadian and American Preschool-Aged Children

et al. 2021

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Background: Inadequate vitamin D levels may increase the risk of caries during childhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) in preschool children. Methods: Data were obtained from children <72 months of age in two case–control studies in Winnipeg, Manitoba and Richmond, Virginia. Serum analysis assessed 25(OH)D, calcium and parathyroid concentrations. Data on demographics, dental history and oral hygiene were obtained via questionnaires. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between demographic and biological variables and S-ECC. A p-value of ≤0.05 was significant. Results: Data were available for 200 children with S-ECC and 144 caries-free controls. Children with S-ECC had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than those who were caries-free (p < 0.001), and children with deficient 25(OH)D levels were 10 times more likely to have S-ECC (p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed that having higher 25(OH)D and calcium concentrations (p = 0.019 and p < 0.0001, respectively), as well as being breastfed in infancy (p < 0.001), were significantly and independently associated with lower odds of S-ECC, while dental insurance (p = 0.006) was associated with higher odds of S-ECC. Conclusions: This study provides additional evidence of an association between nutritional status, specifically vitamin D and calcium levels, and S-ECC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Vitamin D and Dental Caries in a Sample of Canadian and American Preschool-Aged Children

et al. 2021

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“…Serum 25(OH)D levels in children in the Zigong area did not differ statistically significantly between sex, consistent with Xiao Long-necked [ 19 ] and others, and were lower in winter and spring and higher in summer and autumn, due to less sunlight and lower UV exposure and reduced skin synthesis in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are highest in children under 1 year of age and their levels decrease with increasing age, as also observed in Hangzhou, China [ 20 ]. The reason for this may be that children under the age of 1 year are mainly fed on breast milk or formula.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

The establishment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D reference intervals in children aged 0–14 years in Zigong area, China

Huang

2021

J Physiol Anthropol

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Objective To establish the reference interval of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in apparently healthy children in Zigong, China, using an indirect method to provide a basis for proper clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 1851 apparently healthy children of the Children’s Health Care Department in Zigong First People’s Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020 were included in the study. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to analyze the data for normality, and the non-normally distributed data were transformed into approximately normal distribution by Blom's normal rank transformation, and the transformed data were excluded from outliers by the quartile spacing method, and the data were stratified and analyzed according to sex, age, and season. The data were stratified according to sex, age, and season, and the area between the 2.5% and 97.5% percentile points was used as the reference interval. Results The serum 25(OH)D data were non-normally distributed. The data were normally distributed after Blom’s normality rank transformation, and 92 cases of outliers were excluded from the transformed data according to the interquartile spacing method. The differences in serum 25(OH)D levels between sex were not statistically significant (P > 0.05), and there was no need to establish reference intervals based on sex. There was no statistically significant difference in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between winter and spring, and also no difference between summer and autumn (P > 0.05), and the levels were lower in winter-spring than in summer-autumn. Comparison between age groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference in serum 25(OH)D levels between the < 6 months group and the 6 ~ 11 months group, and between the 6 ~ 9 years group and the 10 ~ 14 years group (P > 0.05); serum 25(OH)D levels decreased with increasing age. There was an interactive effect of season and age group on 25(OH)D levels, and the corresponding reference intervals were established according to different seasons and age groups. In summer and autumn, the reference intervals of serum 25(OH)D for < 1 year, 1 ~ 2 years, 3 ~ 5 years, and 6 ~ 14 years were 39.86 ~ 151.43, 31.54 ~ 131.65, 22.05 ~ 103.75, and 15.36 ~ 85.53 ng/ml and 24.42 ~ 144.20, 31.54 ~ 131.65, 16.80 ~ 165.68, and 15.46 ~ 85.54 ng/ml in winter and spring, respectively. Conclusion Reference intervals for serum 25(OH)D in children of different seasons and ages in Zigong, China, were established to provide a reference for clinical disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis determination.

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“…Although there is limited evidence of a correlation between vitamin levels and gender, girls have an overall 32% increased risk of vitamin deficiency compared with boys 30 . Similar studies from South Africa, China, and Ecuador have not found sex‐related differences in vitamin levels 30–32 . Studies have shown that dietary habits and diet structure have a significant impact on metabolism and the status of essential nutrients 33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 30 Similar studies from South Africa, China, and Ecuador have not found sex‐related differences in vitamin levels. 30 , 31 , 32 Studies have shown that dietary habits and diet structure have a significant impact on metabolism and the status of essential nutrients. 33 Both Vit A and D firstly increased, but then decreased with age, while Vit E exhibited the opposite effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation analysis between vitamin A, D, and E status with altitude, seasonal variation, and other factors, among children aged 0–6 years in a Chinese population living in the Tibetan plateau of Ganzi prefecture

Huang¹,

Ke²,

Lin³

et al. 2022

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Objective We attempted to understand the status of vitamin (Vit) A, D, and E in children aged 0–6 living in the Tibetan plateau areas of Ganzi prefecture, to provide the basis for relevant government departments to carry out physical examinations of these children and to prevent and cure four key diseases (Infantile diarrhea, nutritional anemia, rickets, and infantile pneumonia). Methods Serum retinol and tocopherol levels were detected using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum levels of 25‐(OH)D were detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The polynomial logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of age, season, altitude, and gender on Vit A, D, and E levels. Results Vit A and D had the lowest mean serum levels before the age of 1 year and with the most significant deficiency rates. The lowest Vit E levels were seen in the Toddlerhood group. The rates of deficiency and insufficiency were the highest. Vit A, D, and E levels were significantly affected by seasonal changes and were significantly higher in the summer than in any other season. Vit A and D were significantly affected by altitude, and their levels were lowest above 4 km. Conclusion The overall levels of Vit A, D, and E in children aged 0–6 in the Tibetan plateau areas of Ganzi prefecture were lower than those in the plain's areas.

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Vitamin D Status and Its Influence on the Health of Preschool Children in Hangzhou

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Association between Vitamin D and Dental Caries in a Sample of Canadian and American Preschool-Aged Children

Association between Vitamin D and Dental Caries in a Sample of Canadian and American Preschool-Aged Children

The establishment of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D reference intervals in children aged 0–14 years in Zigong area, China

Correlation analysis between vitamin A, D, and E status with altitude, seasonal variation, and other factors, among children aged 0–6 years in a Chinese population living in the Tibetan plateau of Ganzi prefecture

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