Vitamin D Nutritional Status of Exclusively Breast Fed Infants and Their Mothers

Seth, Anju; Marwaha, Raman K.; Singla, Bhupesh; Aneja, Satinder; Mehrotra, Prateek K.; Sastry, A. V. R.; Khurana, Madan Lal; Kalaivani, Mani; Sharma, Bhu Dev; Tandon, Nikhil

doi:10.1515/jpem.2009.22.3.241

Cited by 59 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Pregnant mothers, from enrollment at 27 weeks' gestation to birth, and then their infants, from birth to age 6 months, were randomly and equally assigned, to 1 of 3 groups: placebo, or lower-dose or higher-dose vitamin D 3 . Woman/infant pairs received a once-daily oral dose of placebo/ placebo, vitamin D 3 1000 IU/400 IU, or vitamin D 3 2000 IU/800 IU.…”

Section: Trial Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Vitamin D status at birth and during early infancy, when breast milk is the predominant source of nutrition, is determined by maternal vitamin D status. 2,3 Contemporary population-and primary care-based studies of pregnant women have shown a high prevalence of serum 25(OH)D ,20 ng/mL in Asia (70%-96%), [4][5][6] Australia (10%-47%), [7][8][9][10] Europe (15%-44%), 11,12 the United Kingdom (49%-75%), [13][14][15] India (74%), 16 and the United States (37%). 17 Although less completely studied at the population level, in primary care-based studies from the United States, serum 25(OH)D ,20 ng/mL is present in 11% to 12% of infants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D During Pregnancy and Infancy and Infant Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration

Stewart

Scragg

Milne³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

157

134

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: A serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration of 20 ng/mL meets the requirements of at least 97.5% of the population older than 1 year. A recommended dietary intake to achieve this serum 25(OH)D concentration has not been established during infancy. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: METHODS:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in New Zealand. Pregnant mothers, from 27 weeks' gestation to birth, and then their infants, from birth to age 6 months, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 mother/infant groups: placebo/placebo, vitamin D 3 1000/400 IU, or vitamin D 3 2000/800 IU. Serum 25(OH)D and calcium concentrations were measured at enrollment, 36 weeks' gestation, in cord blood, and in infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.RESULTS: Two-hundred-and-sixty pregnant women were randomized. At enrollment, the proportions with serum 25(OH)D $20 ng/mL for placebo, lower-dose, and higher-dose groups were 54%, 64%, and 55%, respectively. The proportion with 25(OH)D $20 ng/mL was larger in both intervention groups at 36 weeks' gestation (50%, 91%, 89%, P , .001). In comparison with placebo, the proportion of infants with 25(OH)D $20 ng/mL was larger in both intervention groups to age 4 months: cord blood (22%, 72%, 71%, P , .001), 2 months (50%, 82%, 92%, P , .001), and 4 months (66%, 87%, 87%, P = .004), but only in the higher-dose group at age 6 months (74%, 82%, 89%, P = .07; higher dose versus placebo P = .03, lower dose versus placebo P = .21).

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Section: Trial Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D During Pregnancy and Infancy and Infant Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration

Stewart

Scragg

Milne³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

157

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1,2 Pregnant and lactating women and their newborn infants are at a high risk of vitamin D deficiency. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Vitamin D is involved in skeletal homeostasis during pregnancy. 13,14 Severe vitamin D deficiency with profound hypocalcemia may lead to seizures in neonates, and has also been associated with low birth weight, prenatal death, preeclampsia and an increased risk of primary cesarean section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and infant vitamin D status during the first 9 months of infant life—a cohort study

et al. 2013

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess vitamin D status and possible consequences of low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in a population of healthy mothers and their infants. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 107 women aged 24-41 years gave birth to 108 infants. They were followed up three times during 9 months. RESULTS: Cord blood 25OHD level (43.3 ± 20.4 nmol/l) on average was 62 ± 16% of maternal levels (73.3 ± 30.7 nmol/l), measured 1-2 weeks postpartum. Cord blood 25OHD correlated positively with maternal 25OHD levels (r ¼ 0.83, Po0.001). At birth, 23% of mothers and 61% of infants had 25OHD o50 nmol/l. Vitamin D deficiency (25OHDo25 nmol/l) was present in 66% of the children born by mothers with 25OHD levels below 50 nmol/l (Po0.01), whereas only one child was born with deficiency among mothers with 25OHD 450 nmol/l. During follow-up, most of the children (485%) had 25OHD levels 450 nmol/l, which most likely was attributable to the use of supplements, as more than 95% of the children were given daily vitamin D supplements of 10 mg of vitamin D. Cord blood parathyroid hormone levels were very low (median 0.21; interquartile range 0.11-0.33 pmol/l), with increasing levels (Po0.01) reaching 3.08 (2.67-3.92 pmol/l) at the last visit. Vitamin D levels were not associated with anthropometric indices of the newborn infant or their growth during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in newborn. Maternal 25OHD levels above 50 nmol/l are needed to prevent vitamin D deficiency among newborn.

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“…5 There are a few reports of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and cord blood of their newborns and breastfed young infants from India. [6][7][8][9] So this study was undertaken to study the serum vitamin D levels in exclusively breastfed babies and their mothers in a tertiary care hospital. Aims and objectives of present study were to study the serum vitamin D levels among exclusively breastfed infants aged 3-6 months, to study the serum vitamin D levels among their lactating mothers and to study the correlation between the serum vitamin D levels of exclusively breastfed infants and their mothers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of vitamin D levels in exclusively breastfed term infants in a tertiary care centre

Soumya

2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Exclusive breast-feeding is recommended up to 6 months of age with all its beneficial effects on child survival. Several studies have concluded that adequate intake of vitamin D cannot be met with human milk as the sole source of vitamin D. So this study was undertaken to study the serum vitamin D levels in exclusively breastfed babies and their mothers in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was a prospective observational study. A minimum of 100 healthy infants born at term (38-42 weeks) and weighed >2.5kgs at birth and who were exclusively breast fed from age group 3-6 months attending the hospitals attached to J J M M C were selected for study. Approval from the ethical committee of the institution was obtained. Results: In this study there were totally 43% of males and 57% of females. Among them 14 (14%) of the infants were vitamin D deficient and 19 (19%) infants were vitamin D insufficient. And in 100 mothers studied 25 (25%) mothers were vitamin D deficient and 24 (24%) mothers were insufficient of vitamin D. The mean vitamin D level in infants was 25.72 ng/ml (±11.31ng/ml) and in mothers' it was 22.09ng/ml (±9.17ng/ml). Conclusions: Breastfeeding might be one the contributing factors if the infant is not adequately exposed to sunlight for endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and if the mother is deplete in vitamin D levels transferring lower amount of vitamin D to infant through breast milk.

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Vitamin D Nutritional Status of Exclusively Breast Fed Infants and Their Mothers

Abstract: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found in lactating mothers and their exclusively breast fed infants. Infants born to mothers with hypovitaminosis D had 3.8 times higher risk of developing hypovitaminosis D as compared to those born to mothers with normal vitamin D levels.

Cited by 59 publications

References 25 publications

Vitamin D During Pregnancy and Infancy and Infant Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration

Vitamin D During Pregnancy and Infancy and Infant Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration

Maternal and infant vitamin D status during the first 9 months of infant life—a cohort study

Study of vitamin D levels in exclusively breastfed term infants in a tertiary care centre

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