Vitamin D deficiency promotes accumulation of bioactive lipids and increased endocannabinoid tone in zebrafish

Abstract

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Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions

“…Interesting recent research demonstrated that long-term dietary vitamin D deficiency promoted stunted growth and increased central adiposity via both adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in both visceral and subcutaneous depots [172]. Through lipidomics analysis, these fish were demonstrated to have increased bioactive lipids that seemed to be mediated through disrupted endocannabinoid signaling [173].…”

Maximized Spatial Information and Minimized Acquisition Time of Top-Hat IR-MALDESI-MSI of Zebrafish Using Nested Regions of Interest (nROIs)

“…The nROI was defined on the visceral region, described as pathologically relevant in recent IR-MALDESI applications to vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in a zebrafish model Figure displays comparative heatmaps for two ions that were found to be upregulated in VDD zebrafish in a previous study by IR-MALDESI: anandamide 18:2 n-6 ([M + H + ] + , m / z : 324.2897) and diacylglycerol 32:0 ([M + NH 4 + ] + , m / z : 586.5405) . The inclusion of a high-resolution nROI visibly improves spatial detail relative to the low-resolution ROI.…”

“…The nROI was defined on the visceral region, described as pathologically relevant in recent IR-MALDESI applications to vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in a zebrafish model. 26 + ] + , m/z: 586.5405). 26 The inclusion of a high-resolution nROI visibly improves spatial detail relative to the lowresolution ROI.…”

“…This presents a specific challenge for IR-MALDESI-MSI of whole-body zebrafish at higher spatial resolution, since the exorbitant acquisition time has adverse implications for electrospray stability as well as for the maintenance of the ice layer at low humidity. Previous work by IR-MALDESI-MSI studying vitamin D deficiency in a zebrafish model identified many ions of interest that were upregulated particularly in the ventral visceral region of the fish . Zebrafish viscera requiring a higher spatial resolution (the nROI) may therefore be nested within a peripheral ROI of a lower spatial resolution to save acquisition time.…”

“…Previous work by IR-MALDESI-MSI studying vitamin D deficiency in a zebrafish model identified many ions of interest that were upregulated particularly in the ventral visceral region of the fish. 26 Zebrafish viscera requiring a higher spatial resolution (the nROI) may therefore be nested within a peripheral ROI of a lower spatial resolution to save acquisition time. This work presents the modifications made to the stage control software and the downstream data processing to achieve real-time variable step size imaging for this purpose.…”