Vitamin D deficiency increases risk of nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with insulin function and secretion. It is linked with diabetes mellitus (DM) progression, and complications were also recorded. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate serum VD level in Type 2 DM (T2DM) patients and its association with diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 205 patients with Type 2 diabetes age ranged from 39 to 75 years old were enrolled. Serum VD, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. In addition, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) was estimated. Results: Patients with Type 2 diabetes had a 78.5% VD level <30 ng/m. ACR and hs-CRP levels were significantly increased in patients with diabetes with VD <30 ng/m ( P = 0.011 and P = 0.008, respectively). Female had significantly lower VD level than male P < 0.001. Patients exposed to sunlight had significantly higher VD level and lower hs-CRP levels compared with less-exposed, P value (0.001 and <0.001), respectively. Exercise significantly increased VD and decreased ACR levels in DM patients, P value (0.046 and 0.002), respectively. VD was positively associated with age ( r = 0.355 P = 0.040) and negatively correlate with BMI ( r = −0.502 P = 0.009), duration of disease ( r = −0.498 P = 0.003), ACR ( r = −0.384 P = 0.015), and HbA1c ( r = −0.327 P = 0.032). Conclusion: The evidence from this study suggest that patients with Type 2 diabetes with VD deficiency are at higher risk for developing CVD and nephropathy.

Circulating CXCL16 in type 2 diabetes mellitus Egyptian patients

“…Results of the present study established a significant negative correlation between CXCL16 and active vitamin D in patients (r = -0.837, P = 0.00001). A similar correlation was documented by a study carried out on diabetic kidney disease patients (Aljack et al, 2019). This indicates that vitamin D controls inflammation and is closely related to chronic diseases mainly T2DM.…”

The effect of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation on the risk of cardiovascular diseases

“…In a study by Aljack et al in 2019, 205 patients with type 2 diabetes were evaluated for vitamin D deficiency and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. According to their results, patients with vitamin D deficiency had a higher risk of cardiovascular disorders [16].…”

“…Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main reason for death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 17.9 million persons died (31% of universal deaths) due to CVDs in 2016, most of which (85%) were due to heart attack and stroke, and 75% of CVD deaths happened in low-and middle-income countries [16].…”

Association between inflammatory obesity phenotypes, FTO-rs9939609, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes

“…[ 1 2 ] Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemia, unhealthy dietary pattern, and nutrients deficiency are important risk factors for the T2DM development and its complications. [ 3 4 ] The cardiometabolic risk factors, including hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), are greater in patients with T2DM compared to healthy people. However, T2DM-related complications are not same for all patients with T2DM.…”