Vitamin D and risk of future hypertension: meta-analysis of 283,537 participants

Abstract

The evidence on the association between baseline vitamin D status and risk of incident hypertension in general populations is limited and has not been reliably quantified. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published prospective studies evaluating the associations of baseline vitamin D status (circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and dietary vitamin D intake) with risk of hypertension. Eligible studies were identified in a literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to November 2012. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effects models. Generalized least-squares trend estimation was used to assess dose-response relationships. Of the 2,432 articles reviewed for eligibility, eight unique prospective cohorts with aggregate data on 283,537 non-overlapping participants and 55,816 incident hypertension cases were included. The RRs (95% CIs) for hypertension in a comparison of extreme thirds of baseline levels of vitamin D were 0.70 (0.58, 0.86) for seven studies that measured blood 25(OH) D levels and 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) for four studies that assessed dietary vitamin D intake. The pooled RR of incident hypertension per 10 ng/mL increment in baseline 25(OH)D levels was 0.88 (0.81, 0.97) in dose-response analysis. Evidence was lacking of heterogeneity among studies that measured blood 25(OH) D levels and those that assessed dietary vitamin D status. Studies are needed to determine whether the association of vitamin D with hypertension represents a causal association and also to determine whether vitamin D therapy may be beneficial in the prevention or the treatment of hypertension.

Emergence of New Risk Factors for causing Hypertension

“…They found that for each 10 ng/ml increase in someone's vitamin D levels, they had a 12% lower risk of developing hypertension. The people with the highest vitamin D levels had a 30% lower risk of developing hypertension compared to the people with the lowest levels [15].…”

Non Calcaemic & Non Osteogenic Functions of Vitamin D: A Brief Review

“…One researcher [14] found that by increasing 10ng/ ml of Vitamin D levels, risk of developing hypertension lowers by 12%. People having highest Vitamin D levels were at 30% lower risk.…”

Effect of Vitamin D on the Treatment and Prevention of Essential Hypertension

“…Since then, the finding has attracted considerable interest in search for a link between vitamin D deficiency and EH. Most cross-sectional and prospective studies [15][16][17] have shown that circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are inversely associated with BP and the incidence of EH (a detailed analysis can be seen in our review [18]). The data from a recent meta-analysis recruited more participants including 10 perspective studies (n=58,263) and 19 cross-section studies (n=90,535) further support the concept that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for EH [19].…”