Vitamin D and Human Reproduction

Abstract

Vitamin D is one of the steroid hormones. The precursor of vitamin D, 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is an intermediary for cholesterol pathway, is available in the skin. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation makes the transformation of 7-dehydrocholesterol to provitamin D3, which automatically isomerizes to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3). Vitamin D3 is secreted into blood circulation and carried by the vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). Around 80-90% of vitamin D is from sunlight-derived production in the skin. A little amount of vitamin D is also extracted from foods and/or additional supplementation. Vitamin D has been well known for its function in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting bone mineralization. Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D also modulates reproductive processes in women and men and is involved in many functions of the reproductive system. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes are found in reproductive tissues of women and men. This chapter presents an up-to-date review for describing the function of vitamin D in female reproduction throughout reproductive ages from menarche to menopause, during pregnancy and lactation, and some disorders affecting women and also the role of vitamin D applied to male fertility.

Assessment of Practice and Factors associated with Sunlight Exposure of Infants among Mothers in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

“… 6 Around 80–90% of vitamin D in humans is sunlight-derived production in the skin. 7 But, to get such amount of vitamin D there are different factors to considered. Such factors are time spent outdoors, skin pigmentation, degree of latitude, season, the amount of cloud cover, the extent of air pollution, the amount of skin exposed, and the extent of ultra-violet B (UVB) protection, including clothing and sunscreens.…”

Perbedaan Kadar 25(OH)D Serum, Asupan Vitamin D, Magnesium dan Zink pada Status Gizi Obesitas dan Normal

“…Activated Vitamin D will carry out tasks according to its target tissue. In the target tissue, vitamin D's reproductive organs (ovaries) are involved in the folliculogenesis process 1 . Activation of the vitamin D receptor gene in target tissues is influenced by zinc intake 9. There was no significant difference in zinc intake between female students with obese and normal status due to several things, such as the choice of food sources of zinc, which were quite similar between the obese and normal groups.…”

“…Vitamin D is a type of fat-soluble vitamin divided into ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol 1 . The normal range of vitamin D levels in the body is 30 ng/mL -100 ng/mL.…”

“…Low intake of micronutrients such as vitamin D, magnesium, and zinc in obesity can disrupt reproductive health 20 . Lack of vitamin D levels in obesity can also disturb the folliculogenesis process, disrupting the ovulation process and thus damaging fertility 1,19,20 . Andalas University's Faculty of Medicine has the most female students in West Sumatra 21 .…”

Pengaruh Vitamin D terhadap Faktor Metabolik pada Perempuan dengan Sindroma Ovarium Polikisitik (SOPK): Systematic Review - Meta Analysis

“…Vitamin D juga memodulasi kalsium ekstraseluler dan intraseluler yang diperlukan untuk proses intraseluler yang dimediasi insulin dalam organ responsive insulin termasuk otot rangka dan jaringan adiposa. Sehingga kekurangan vitamin D dapat merubah fluks kalsium yang berakibat negatif pada produksi insulin, karena proses produksi insulin juga bergantung pada kalsium (Tehrani & Behboudi-gandevani, 2017).…”