Vitamin D and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Narrative Review

Goyal, Hemant; Perisetti, Abhilash; Rahman, M Rubayat; Levin, Avi; Lippi, Giuseppe

doi:10.1007/s10620-018-5400-1

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Vitamin D also has beneficial roles in preventing and treating some gastrointestinal cancers [ 38 ]. In a study assessing the correlation between oral intake of vitamin D and colorectal cancer, the authors found that individuals consume 1000 IU/day or more oral vitamin D or 33 ng/mL (82 nmol/L) or more serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D had 50% lower incidence of colorectal cancer compared to individuals with less than 100 IU daily vitamin D intake [ 39 ].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

2020

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Vitamin D and its active metabolites are important nutrients for human skeletal health. UV irradiation of skin converts 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3, which metabolized in the liver and kidneys into its active form, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Apart from its classical role in calcium and phosphate regulation, scientists have shown that the vitamin D receptor is expressed in almost all tissues of the body, hence it has numerous biological effects. These includes fetal and adult homeostatic functions in development and differentiation of metabolic, epidermal, endocrine, neurological and immunological systems of the body. Moreover, the expression of vitamin D receptor in the majority of immune cells and the ability of these cells to actively metabolize 25(OH)D3 into its active form 1,25(OH)2D3 reinforces the important role of vitamin D signaling in maintaining a healthy immune system. In addition, several studies have showed that vitamin D has important regulatory roles of mechanisms controlling proliferation, differentiation and growth. The administration of vitamin D analogues or the active metabolite of vitamin D activates apoptotic pathways, has antiproliferative effects and inhibits angiogenesis. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview on the effects of vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) in regulating inflammation, different cell death modalities and cancer. It also aims to investigate the possible therapeutic benefits of vitamin D and its analogues as anticancer agents.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

2020

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“…It has to be mentioned that certain cancers, including the gastrointestinal ones, were associated with vitamin D deficiency (recently reviewed by Goyal et al 2019). In our study, a comparable number of patients were hospitalized for surgical cure of colorectal and gastric cancers in both the OB and non-OB groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Vitamin D alleviates oxidative stress in adipose tissue and mesenteric vessels from obese patients with subclinical inflammation

Ionică

Aburel

Văduva

et al. 2020

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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Obesity is an age-independent, lifestyle-triggered, pandemic disease associated with both endothelial and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) dysfunction leading to cardiometabolic complications mediated via increased oxidative stress and persistent chronic inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to assess the oxidative stress in VAT and vascular samples and the effect of in vitro administration of vitamin D. VAT and mesenteric artery branches were harvested during abdominal surgery performed on patients referred for general surgery (n = 30) that were randomized into two subgroups: nonobese and obese. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and vitamin D were measured. Tissue samples were treated or not with the active form of vitamin D: 1,25(OH)2D3 (100 nmol/L, 12 h). The main findings are that in obese patients, (i) a low vitamin D status was associated with increased inflammatory markers and reactive oxygen species generation in VAT and vascular samples and (ii) in vitro incubation with vitamin D alleviated oxidative stress in VAT and vascular preparations and also improved the vascular function. We report here that the serum level of vitamin D is inversely correlated with the magnitude of oxidative stress in the adipose tissue. Ex vivo treatment with active vitamin D mitigated obesity-related oxidative stress.

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“…Several modes of action have been associated with vitamin D. First, in relation to PDAC, binding of vitamin D to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) on PSCs inhibits their activation, thus leading to decreased desmoplasia and improved delivery of chemotherapy ( Figure 9 C) [ 56 , 218 ]. Second, induction of p21 and p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors resulted in reduced cancer cell proliferation [ 220 ]. Innocenti et al [ 219 ] demonstrated a positive association between VDR expression and PDAC, with the overall survival of patients with the rs2853564 variant being more than doubled ( Figure 9 D).…”

Section: Dietary Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirectly, by promoting the synthesis and binding of insulin (thereby decreasing insulin resistance and the risk of diabetes), vitamin D may also reduce the risk of PDAC [ 220 , 222 ]. Finally, a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and increased inflammation has also been suggested, but not confirmed [ 223 ].…”

Section: Dietary Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Introduction of Evidence-Based Complementary Measures into Integrative Clinical Management

Jentzsch

Davis

Djamgoz

2020

Cancers

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The most common form of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which comprises some 85% of all cases. Currently, this is the fourth highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide and its incidence is rising steeply. Commonly applied clinical therapies offer limited chance of a lasting cure and the five-year survival rate is one of the lowest of the commonly occurring cancers. This review cultivates the hypothesis that the best management of PDAC would be possible by integrating ‘western’ clinical medicine with evidence-based complementary measures. Protecting the liver, where PDAC frequently first spreads, is also given some consideration. Overall, the complementary measures are divided into three groups: dietary factors, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle. In turn, dietary factors are considered as general conditioners, multi-factorial foodstuffs and specific compounds. The general conditioners are alkalinity, low-glycemic index and low-cholesterol. The multi-factorial foodstuffs comprise red meat, fish, fruit/vegetables, dairy, honey and coffee. The available evidence for the beneficial effects of the specific dietary and nutraceutical agents was considered at four levels (in order of prominence): clinical trials, meta-analyses, in vivo tests and in vitro studies. Thus, 9 specific agents were identified (6 dietary and 3 nutraceutical) as acceptable for integration with gemcitabine chemotherapy, the first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. The specific dietary agents were the following: Vitamins A, C, D and E, genistein and curcumin. As nutraceutical compounds, propolis, triptolide and cannabidiol were accepted. The 9 complementary agents were sub-grouped into two with reference to the main ‘hallmarks of cancer’. Lifestyle factors covered obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol and exercise. An integrative treatment regimen was devised for the management of PDAC patients. This involved combining first-line gemcitabine chemotherapy with the two sub-groups of complementary agents alternately in weekly cycles. The review concludes that integrated management currently offers the best patient outcome. Opportunities to be investigated in the future include emerging modalities, precision medicine, the nerve input to tumors and, importantly, clinical trials.

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Vitamin D and Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Narrative Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 113 publications

Vitamin D Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Vitamin D Signaling in Inflammation and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Vitamin D alleviates oxidative stress in adipose tissue and mesenteric vessels from obese patients with subclinical inflammation

Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Introduction of Evidence-Based Complementary Measures into Integrative Clinical Management

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