Vitamin B6 Status of Breast-Fed Infants in Relation to Pyridoxine HCl Supplementation of Mothers.

Chang, Sue-Joan; Kirksey, Avanelle

doi:10.3177/jnsv.48.10

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Evidence suggests that HM concentrations of thiamine, similar to those observed in well-nourished mothers, can be maintained by maternal thiamine intake of 2 mg/d ( 47 ). The concentrations of vitamin B6 in HM (ranging from 0.89 to 1.31 nmol/L) appear to be saturated at an intake of 2.5 mg/d of vitamin B6 ( 48 , 49 ). Vitamin B12 supplementation (50 μg/d) was shown to maintain elevated concentrations of B12 in HM only during the supplementation period (6-week post-partum) ( 50 ) and the concentrations observed were much lower than those reported with a higher dose of 250 μg/d dose (97 vs. 235 pmol//L) ( 51 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors

et al. 2020

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Human milk (HM) is dynamic and shows a high inter- and intra-individual variability. To characterize HM with precision, it is necessary to understand the factors that modulate its composition. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the maternal, infant and methodological factors that affect HM composition. We searched SCOPUS and PubMed databases for articles related to factors that are known to or could potentially influence HM composition and volume across lactation periods. Our comprehensive review encompasses various maternal-, infant-related, and methodological factors that modulate aspects of HM composition including macro- and micronutrients, vitamins and minerals, as well as volume. The most profound changes were observed in HM lipids and lipophiles. Evidence exists for many of the infant-related factors known to affect the nutritive and non-nutritive components of HM (e.g., birth weight, gestational age, infant age/stage of lactation). In contrast, less is known with respect to maternal factors; where there is either limited research or conflicting evidence (e.g., maternal lifestyle, obstetric history, medical conditions), except for the mother's diet, for which there is a relatively well-established understanding. Equally, although many of the methodological factors (e.g., HM sampling, handling and analytics) are known to impact HM composition, few studies have investigated this as a primary outcome, making it an important area of future research in HM. Here we propose a systematic capture of numerous maternal- and infant-related characteristics to facilitate associative comparisons of HM data within and across studies. Additionally, it would be prudent to standardize the methodological aspects known to affect HM composition in analytics, not only for HM lipids and lipophiles, but also for those nutrients whose variability is yet less well-understood. Defining the factors determining HM composition with accuracy will open perspectives for maternal intervention to optimize milk composition for specific needs of infants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors

et al. 2020

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“…Maternal micronutrient deficiencies are associated with poor nutritional quality of breast milk and with concurrent deficiencies in infants. Therefore, maternal multivitamin supplementation may lead to improved quality of breast milk that is reflected in better nutritional and health status of the child [16][17][18]. Multiple micronutrient deficiencies have been reported during early childhood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periodic vitamin A supplementation reduced child mortality rates in community-based, placebo-controlled trials involving children aged 16 months who were presumed to be HIV negative [5,6]. Vitamin A supplementation was also beneficial in reducing mortality and morbidity among HIV-infected children in Tanzania and South Africa [7][8][9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Providing Vitamin Supplements to Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected, Lactating Mothers on the Child's Morbidity and CD4⁺Cell Counts

Fawzi¹,

Msamanga

Wei³

et al. 2003

CLIN INFECT DIS

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A total of 1078 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected women from Tanzania were randomized in a placebo-controlled trial using a factorial design to examine the effects of supplementation with vitamin A (preformed vitamin A and beta carotene) and/or multivitamins (vitamins B, C, and E). Supplements were given during pregnancy and lactation. Children of women in the multivitamin arms had a significantly lower risk of diarrhea than did those in the no-multivitamin arm (P=.03). The mean CD4+ cell count was 151 cells/microL higher among children in the multivitamin arms than among those in the no-multivitamin arm (P=.0006). HIV-positive children experienced a benefit apparently similar to that in HIV-negative children (P=.34, by test for interaction). Maternal receipt of vitamin A significantly reduced the risk that the child would have cough with a rapid respiratory rate, a proxy for pneumonia (P=.03), but receipt of vitamin A had no effect on diarrhea or CD4+ cell count. Provision of multivitamin supplements (including those with vitamins B, C, and E) to HIV-infected, lactating women may be a low-cost intervention to improve their children's health.

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“…The concentration of vitamin B6 in breast milk is low during the first 1–2 weeks post‐partum, but gradually increases with the progression of lactation (Moser‐Veillon and Reynolds, ). This concentration also fluctuates with maternal dietary intake or supplementation (Styslinger and Kirksey, ; Borschel et al., ; Chang and Kirksey, , ; Moser‐Veillon and Reynolds, ; Lovelady et al., ). After maternal supplementation with 2.5, 4.0, 7.5 and 10 mg/day PN‐HCl during the first 6 months of lactation, mean concentration of vitamin B6 in breast milk was significantly lower (p < 0.05) with the supplementation of 2.5 mg/day than with higher doses (Chang and Kirksey, ).…”

Section: Definition/categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some studies, infants were full‐term (Styslinger and Kirksey, ; Borschel et al., ; Kang‐Yoon et al., , ; Lovelady et al., ; Boylan et al., ). In the other studies, no information was provided on whether the infants were born at term or not, but a few of them gave some indications about the anthropometry of the infants (Andon et al., ; Chang and Kirksey, ).…”

Section: Definition/categorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Reference Values for vitamin B6

2016

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derives Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for vitamin B6. The Panel considers that plasma pyridoxal 5 0 -phosphate (PLP) concentration is the biomarker of status suitable for deriving DRVs for vitamin B6. Considering that a plasma PLP concentration of 30 nmol/L, as a population mean, is indicative of an adequate vitamin B6 status, the Panel proposes to use this cut-off value to set Average Requirements (ARs). Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) are derived for adults and children from ARs, assuming a coefficient of variation (CV) of 10%. For women, the AR and PRI are set at 1.3 and 1.6 mg/day. For men, the AR of 1.5 mg/day is derived by an allometric scaling from the AR for women, and a PRI of 1.7 mg/day is set. For all infants aged 7-11 months, an Adequate Intake of 0.3 mg/day is set, averaging the results of two extrapolation approaches based on an allometric scaling: upwards extrapolation from the estimated vitamin B6 intake of exclusively breastfed infants from birth to 6 months, and downwards extrapolation from the ARs for adults applying a growth factor. For all children, ARs are derived from adult ARs using an allometric scaling and growth factors. For children of both sexes aged 1-14 years, ARs range between 0.5 and 1.2 mg/day. For children aged 15-17 years, the Panel derives the same ARs as for adults. PRIs for children aged 1-17 years range between 0.6 and 1.7 mg/day. Extrapolation of ARs by an allometric scaling considered differences in reference body weight. For pregnant and lactating women, additional requirements are considered, based on the uptake of vitamin B6 by the fetal and maternal tissues and the losses through breast milk, and PRIs of 1.8 and 1.7 mg/day, respectively, are derived.

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Vitamin B6 Status of Breast-Fed Infants in Relation to Pyridoxine HCl Supplementation of Mothers.

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors

Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors

Effect of Providing Vitamin Supplements to Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected, Lactating Mothers on the Child's Morbidity and CD4⁺Cell Counts

Dietary Reference Values for vitamin B6

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Vitamin B6 Status of Breast-Fed Infants in Relation to Pyridoxine HCl Supplementation of Mothers.

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors

Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors

Effect of Providing Vitamin Supplements to Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected, Lactating Mothers on the Child's Morbidity and CD4+Cell Counts

Dietary Reference Values for vitamin B6

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Product

Resources

About

Effect of Providing Vitamin Supplements to Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected, Lactating Mothers on the Child's Morbidity and CD4⁺Cell Counts