Vitamin B6 antagonists of natural origin

Klosterman, Harold J.

doi:10.1021/jf60191a037

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This decrease in growth could be due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors in flaxseed such as mucilage (Bhatty 1993), cyanogenic glycosides (Conn 1969), allergens (Spies 1974) and vitamin B 6 antagonists (Klosterman 1974 For personal use only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with Linpro (extruded whole flaxseed and peas) or soybean meal

Thacker

Racz²,

Soita³

2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Thacker, P. A., Racz, V. J. and Soita, H. W. 2004. Performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with Linpro (extruded whole flaxseed and peas) or soybean meal Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 681-688. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of feeding graded levels of Linpro (a 50:50 combination of extruded full-fat flax seed and peas) on pig performance and carcass traits, particularly the fatty acid composition of backfat. Eighty crossbred pigs (Camborough 15 Line female × Canabred sire, Pig Improvement Canada Ltd., Airdrie, AB) weighing an average of 22.7 ± 2.2 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and litter to one of five dietary treatments in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (treatment × sex). The experimental diets were based on barley and soybean meal and contained 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 or 30% Linpro during the growing period (22.7-69.7 kg) and 0, 6, 12, 18 or 24% Linpro during the finishing period (69.7-111.1 kg). Digestibility coefficients for dry matter were not significantly affected by incorporation of Linpro in the diet. Digestibility coefficients for crude protein (P = 0.01) and gross energy (P = 0.04) exhibited a cubic effect due to Linpro incorporation with the highest digestibility coefficients observed for pigs fed 7.5% Linpro. Over the entire experimental period (22.7-111.1 kg), daily gain was affected both linearly (P = 0.02) and quadratically (P = 0.04) by Linpro inclusion. The most rapid gains were obtained by pigs fed 7.5% Linpro (6% in finisher), while pigs fed 30% Linpro (24% in finisher) gained weight the slowest. Feed intake was not significantly affected by Linpro inclusion, while feed conversion exhibited a quadratic effect (P = 0.02) with pigs fed the highest and lowest levels of Linpro showing the poorest feed conversion. Linpro inclusion, had no significant effects on carcass traits including slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percent, carcass value index, lean yield, loin fat or loin lean. Inclusion of 30% Linpro (24% in finisher) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of linolenic acid in backfat and this increase could provide significant health benefits for consumers of pork. Linpro would appear to be an acceptable alternative to soybean meal as a protein supplement for use in growing-finishing swine diets and can be incorporated at levels as high as 22.5% in the grower period and 18% in the finisher period without detrimental affects on pig performance. Sci. 84: 681-688. L'expérience devait établir les conséquences de l'ingestion d'une quantité établie de Linpro (mélange à parts égales de graines de lin entières extrudées et de pois) sur le rendement des porcs et sur les paramètres de la carcasse, en particulier la teneur du gras dorsal en acides gras. Quatre-vingts sujets hybrides (femelles Camborough de lignée 15 × mâles Canabred, Pig Improvement Canada Ltd, Airdrie, Alberta) pesant en moyenne 22,7 ± 2,2 kg ont été répartis en fonction du sexe, du poids et de la portée entre cinq régimes dan...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with Linpro (extruded whole flaxseed and peas) or soybean meal

Thacker

Racz²,

Soita³

2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Several sources reported that negative effect of antivitamin B6 could be eliminated by adding vitamin B6 in the diet (Madhusudhan & Singh 1985, Klosterman 1974. CG are chemically defined as glycosides of the α-hydroxynitriles.…”

Section: Linseed Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of microwave heating on content of cyanogenic glycosides in linseed

Ivanov¹,

Kokić²,

Brlek

et al. 2012

Ratar i povrt

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Summary: Linseed is a good source of linoleic (LA, 18:2, n-6) and especially α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3), ω6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are essential because mammals, and therefore humans, cannot endogenously synthesize them and must adopt them exogenously from dietary sources. In spite of its high nutritive value, linseed has not been effectively exploited in animal feeding, due to the fact that it contains antinutritive components, which are cyanogenic glycosides (CG) and antivitamin B6 (linatine). CGs are a major limitation in application of linseed and its meal in animal nutrition. The objective of the study was to investigate effect of microwave heat treatment on the content of hydrogen cyanide, and consequently cyanogenic glycosides in linseed. Operating frequency of microwave oven was 2450 mHz, and working power was 240W, 400W, 560W and 800W. Samples were treated for 0, 3, 6 and 10 minutes for every working power. When microwave power of 560 W and 800 W was used for 6 min and longer, linseed samples were burned and damaged, therefore these treatments should not be used. Minimal time of heating with microwave power of 400W, which would provide reduction of HCN content under allowed limits (250 mg/kg of linseed), was determined graphically using three-dimensional contour plot graph and it was 290 s (4 minutes and 50 s). This regime is recommended for treating linseed before usage as a feed compound.

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“…Flaxseed also contains linatine, which is a vitamin B 6 antagonist, and this impairs growth in chickens and its antinutritional effect can be compensated by supplementing pyridoxine (Klosterman 1974). Other components such as allergens and mucilage present in flaxseed (Spies 1974;Palmer et al 1980) could also interfere with the utilisation of nutrients affecting production parameters.…”

Section: Effects Of Feeding N-3 Fa Sources On Production Parameters Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives for enrichment of eggs and chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acids

González-Esquerra¹,

Leeson²

2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

151

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González-Esquerra, R. and Leeson, S. 2001. Alternatives for enrichment of eggs and chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acids. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: [295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302][303][304][305]. Interest on the enrichment of eggs and poultry meat with omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) has increased given their important role in human metabolism. The inclusion of n-3 FA into eggs and poultry meat is achieved by feeding ingredients such as flaxseed, fish oil, fish meal, marine algae and canola to birds. However, problems in various production parameters and sensory quality of eggs and meat may arise. The former possibly caused by antinutritional and physiological effects and the latter influenced by the interaction of volatile substances. Possible increases in formulation costs also deserve attention.Strategies to ameliorate these undesirable effects include limiting the inclusion levels of n-3 FA sources, time of feeding, mixing different n-3 FA sources in commercial rations, and including high levels of vitamin E along with high-quality ingredients. A mild heat treatment may eliminate some of the drawbacks of feeding flaxseed to birds.Key words: Omega-3, flaxseed, flax, menhaden oil, eggs, chicken meat González-Esquerra, R. et Leeson, S. 2001. Solutions de rechange pour l'enrichissement de la viande de volaille et des oeufs avec les acides gras oméga-3. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 295-305. L'enrichissement des oeufs et de la volaille avec les acides gras oméga-3 (AG n-3) suscite de plus en plus d'intérêt à cause du rôle important des AG n-3 dans le métabolisme de l'être humain. Pour enrichir les oeufs et la viande, on sert aux oiseaux des graines de lin, de l'huile et de la farine de poisson, des algues et du canola. Malheureusement, cette pratique peut poser des difficultés au niveau de certains paramètres de production ou de la qualité organoleptique des oeufs. La première difficulté résulte peut-être d'effets physiologiques ou anti-nutritionnels, et la seconde, de l'interaction de composés volatils. Il convient aussi de s'attarder à la hausse éventuelle du coût des rations.Plusieurs stratégies permettraient d'atténuer ces effets indésirables : réduire la quantité de sources de AG n-3, mieux choisir le moment où l'on nourrit les animaux, ajouter d'autres sources de AG n-3 aux aliments commerciaux et utiliser plus de vitamine E ainsi que des ingrédients de meilleure qualité. Un léger traitement thermique pourrait éliminer certains problèmes associés à l'utilisation des graines de lin.Mots clés: Oméga-3, graines de lin, lin, huile de menhaden, oeufs, viande de volaille It is known that omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) have potential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, some autoimmune disorders, diabetes, and some types of cancer aside from their important role in neuronal development. Research has shown that the current patterns of n-3 FA consumption in most of the Western countries are less than recommended values (for a review, see Simopoulus 2000). These findings have stimulated interest in i...

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Vitamin B6 antagonists of natural origin

Cited by 48 publications

References 25 publications

Performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with Linpro (extruded whole flaxseed and peas) or soybean meal

Performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with Linpro (extruded whole flaxseed and peas) or soybean meal

Effect of microwave heating on content of cyanogenic glycosides in linseed

Alternatives for enrichment of eggs and chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acids

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