Vitamin B5 Reduces Bacterial Growth via Regulating Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity in Mice Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract

The mechanisms by which vitamins regulate immunity and their effect as an adjuvant treatment for tuberculosis have gradually become very important research topics. Studies have found that vitamin B5 (VB5) can promote epithelial cells to express inflammatory cytokines. We aimed to examine the proinflammatory and antibacterial effect of VB5 in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain H37Rv and the therapeutic potential of VB5 in vivo with tuberculosis. We investigated the activation of inflammatory signal molecules (NF-κB, AKT, JNK, ERK, and p38), the expression of two primary inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6) and the bacterial burdens in H37Rv-infected macrophages stimulated with VB5 to explore the effect of VB5 on the inflammatory and antibacterial responses of macrophages. We further treated the H37Rv-infected mice with VB5 to explore VB5’s promotion of the clearance of H37Rv in the lungs and the effect of VB5 on regulating the percentage of inflammatory cells. Our data showed that VB5 enhanced the phagocytosis and inflammatory response in macrophages infected with H37Rv. Oral administration of VB5 decreased the number of colony-forming units of H37Rv in lungs of mice at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after infection. In addition, VB5 regulated the percentage of macrophages and promoted CD4+ T cells to express interferon-γ and interleukin-17; however, it had no effect on the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, VB5 significantly inhibits the growth of MTB by regulating innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

The potential role of B5: A stitch in time and switch in cytokine

“…Probiotic bacteria, members of the gut microbiota, are able to synthesize panthotenic acid in humans (Hill, ). VB5 helps the body to build an effective immune response to resist infection (He et al, ). Several genes encoding VB5 biosynthesis have been implicated as potential causal factors for campylobacter‐associated gastroenteritis in cattles.…”

“…It promotes the maturity of macrophages and increases differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells (Berruyer et al, ; van Diepen et al, ; Xu, Wang, Gao, & Liu, ). A proinflammatory and antimicromial action of VB5 in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been reported (He et al, ). Such antimicrobial action may pave way for future roles of VB5 in various organs and tissues including the skin.…”

“…Vitamin B5 (VB5), also known as pantothenate, is a water‐soluble B‐complex vitamin (He et al, ) (Figure ). It is derived from the Greek word “Pantos” meaning “everywhere” and is well known as the “anti‐stress vitamin.” It is the precursor for the biosynthesis of the phosphopantetheine moiety of coenzyme A (CoA) and of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) (Ottenhof et al, ).…”

“…Moreover, improvement in the healing of colonic anastomoses by VB5 has been documented (Vaxman et al, ). VB5 is indispensable for sustaining keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation (Kobayashi, Kusama, Onda, & Nakahata, ), may control the maturity of macrophages, and plays a key role in cell development (He et al, ). The antioxidant effect of pantothenic acid in the inflammatory process of early stages of atherosclerosis was protective and was associated with a decreased C‐reactive protein concentration in men and women aged 40 years or older (Jung, Kim, & Choi, ).…”

Vitamin B and Vitamin C Affect DNA Methylation and Amino Acid Metabolism in Mycobacterium bovis BCG

“…Even when they are produced, concentrations are low and external supplementation from the diet or from commensal bacteria is required. Vitamins have been found to regulate immunity, and a number of studies have reported the effect of vitamins as adjunct to treat tuberculosis (Parida et al, 2015;He et al, 2018). For example, vitamins A, C and D have been used as adjunct to complement anti-tuberculosis drugs (Dini and Bianchi, 2012;Vilcheze et al, 2013;Syal et al, 2015).…”