Vitale Reaktionen und Zeitschätzungen

Betz, P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45345-2_6

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…One of the most important issues in forensic pathology is assessing whether an injury occurred before or after death. Traditionally, the evidence for pre‐ or postmortem injury is based on autopsy, histopathological, and biochemical findings (1–7). These are mainly dependent on the presence of intact circulation, respiration, metabolic phenomena, or consciousness after the damaging event.…”

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“…Thus, the diagnosis of aspiration carries great forensic relevance. Although an iatrogenic origin because of pulmonary resuscitation maneuvers and the postmortem flow of foreign material into the trachea and bronchi should first be ruled out (1,5), the presence of blood deep in the respiratory tract is traditionally considered a vital phenomenon (1–7). Moreover, depending on the volume of blood aspirated, it may be interpreted as the primary or, more frequently, contributing cause of death.…”

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Blood Aspiration as a Vital Sign Detected by Postmortem Computed Tomography Imaging

Filograna

Ross

Bolliger

et al. 2011

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Blood aspiration is a significant forensic finding. In this study, we examined the value of postmortem computed tomography (CT) imaging in evaluating findings of blood aspiration. We selected 37 cases with autopsy evidence of blood in the lungs and/or in the airways previously submitted to total-body CT scanning. The CT-images were retrospectively analyzed. In one case with pulmonary blood aspiration, biopsy specimens were obtained under CT guide for histological examination. In six cases, CT detected pulmonary abnormalities suggestive of blood aspiration, not mentioned in the autopsy reports. CT reconstructions provided additional data about the distribution and extent of aspiration. In one needle-biopsied case, the pulmonary specimens showed blood in the alveoli. We suggest the use of CT imaging as a tool complementary to traditional techniques in cases of blood aspiration to avoid misdiagnosis, to guide the investigation of lung tissue, and to allow for more evidence-based inferences on the cause of death.

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Blood Aspiration as a Vital Sign Detected by Postmortem Computed Tomography Imaging

Filograna

Ross

Bolliger

et al. 2011

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Significant hemorrhage and exsanguination are associated with typical findings at external inspection and autopsy. The loss of blood translates to a decreased outer lividity [4], and inner organs present with a distinctive pallor, particularly those with voluminous capillary systems, such as the liver, spleen, and kidneys [4]. It is not entirely clear if hemorrhagic hypovolemia affects organ weight as measured at autopsy.…”

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Effects of blood loss on organ attenuation on postmortem CT and organ weight at autopsy

et al. 2021

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Background Cases of external hemorrhage are difficult to recognize on postmortem computed tomography (PMCT). Purpose To investigate the effects of blood loss on CT attenuation of the spleen, liver, kidneys, and lungs on PMCT and to assess the relationship between blood loss and organ weight. Methods A total of 125 cases with blood loss were sex- and age-matched to 125 control cases without blood loss. Individual organ attenuation was measured on transverse CT images. Organ weights of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and lung were extracted from the autopsy protocols. Results Organ weight was significantly lower in cases with blood loss (lung 30%, spleen 28%, kidneys 14%, liver 18%) than in controls. CT attenuation of the lungs was significantly lower (30%) in cases with blood loss than in controls. CT attenuation of the spleen and kidneys did not significantly differ between cases and controls. CT attenuation of the liver was significantly higher (25%) in cases with blood loss than in controls. Conclusion Blood loss decreases organ weight and CT attenuation of the lungs but appears to have no significant effect on CT attenuation of the spleen and kidneys. The increased liver attenuation in cases with blood loss compared to controls was an unexpected finding and remains challenging to explain. One probable interpretation refers to different levels of hepatic glycogen; however, further work is warranted to substantiate this hypothesis.

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