Visualizing Nanoscale Distribution of Corrosion Cells by Open-Loop Electric Potential Microscopy

Honbo, Kyoko; Ogata, Shoichiro; Kitagawa, Takuya; Okamoto, Takahiro; Kobayashi, Naritaka; Sugimoto, Itto; Shima, Shohei; Fukunaga, Atsushi; Takatoh, Chikako; Fukuma, Takeshi

doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b07552

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…44,45) The nanoscale potential distribution has recently been determined by a Kelvin probe force microscopy, 46,47) scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKEM), 48) nanoscale galvanic cells between grain boundaries and dislocations with the surrounding matrix have been revealed by in situ observation using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM), 4951) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), 52) and open-loop electric potential microscopy (OL-EPM). 53,54) These experimental results validate the hypothesis that nonuniformity of electron activity is maintained to nanoscale structures with sufficient potential difference to form galvanic cells. This indicates that when the density of dislocations or grain boundaries becomes extremely high, the effect of their structures on corrosion can be appreciably high due to the closely spaced configuration.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

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Corrosion Behavior of Severely Deformed Pure and Single-Phase Materials

et al. 2019

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The significant and complex effect of plastic deformation on corrosion behavior involves changes in not only dislocation density but also other metallurgical factors such as grain size, texture, chemical inhomogeneity, phase transformation and residual stress. With the advent of severe plastic deformation (SPD), the effect of plastic deformation on corrosion in the ultrahigh strain range is becoming an important issue. However, our understanding of corrosion properties of SPD materials lags far behind than that of their other properties, e.g. their mechanical properties. In this review, the role of dislocations and grain boundaries generated by SPD was highlighted in pure metals and single-phase materials, where plastic deformation and grain refinement proceed mainly by dislocation activity. Accordingly, the complicated effect of chemical inhomogeneity arising from impurity segregation and precipitation was excluded from discussion, while other implicit effects were included. It is essential to elucidate the effect of so-called ultrafine-grained (UFG) structures which develop progressively to a saturation over a very wide strain range. Unfortunately, the literature mainly compares the corrosion behavior of UFG and coarse-grained (CG) materials, and the degree of perfection of UFG formation and the resultant effects on corrosion vary between studies. The limited number of studies that examines corrosion behavior systematically over a wide strain range suggests that, in most cases, the effect of plastic deformation on corrosion extends into the SPD region gradually, with no anomalous change. That is, SPD improves the corrosion resistance to further degree in a passive environment, whereas it increases the dissolution rate in a non-passive environment. However, several works reported an abrupt change in corrosion resistance, which could be attributed to UFG formation. A marked improvement is observed in FeCr alloys, where passivation becomes more protective owing to UFG formation induced by SPD. In severely deformed materials, structural alterations in dislocations and grain boundaries have a very high impact on the corrosion kinetics because of their closely spaced configuration.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…156) In a more direct approach, nanoscale galvanic cells were observed in in situ mode using OL-EPM. 54)…”

Section: General Trends and Corrosion Mechanism Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of Severely Deformed Pure and Single-Phase Materials

et al. 2019

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“…A full 3D characterization of solid–liquid interfaces requires the characterization of different charge-screening and electrochemical processes. The capabilities of 3D-AFM can be enhanced by incorporating electrostatic and Kelvin probe , methods.…”

Section: Concluding Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic- and Molecular-Resolution Mapping of Solid–Liquid Interfaces by 3D Atomic Force Microscopy

2018

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Hydration layers are ubiquitous in life and technology. Hence interfacial aqueous layers have a central role in a wide range of phenomena from material sciences to molecular and cell biology. A complete understanding of those processes requires, among other things, the development of very sensitive and high-resolution instruments. Three-dimensional AFM (3D-AFM) represents the latest and most successful attempt to generate atomically-resolved threedimensional images of solid-liquid interfaces. This review provides an overview of the 3D-AFM operating principles and its underlying physics. We illustrate and explain the capability of the instrument to resolve atomic defects on crystalline surfaces immersed in liquid. We also illustrate some of its applications to imaging the hydration structures on DNA or proteins. In the last section we discuss some perspectives on emerging applications in materials science and molecular biology.

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“…8 Open-loop KPFM (OL-KPFM) techniques are increasingly being adopted as feedback-free methods, 7,9,[18][19][20][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] eliminating the need for the application of a DC bias 7 and enabling the mapping of voltage-sensitive materials 9,15,21,22 and surface potentials in liquid environments. [10][11][12]16,17,[23][24][25] These techniques are also of interest for their reduced sensitivity to electronic offsets and electronic cross talk instrumentation a) Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: jason.kilpatrick@ ucd.ie and brian.rodriguez@ucd.ie issues, 4,7,[32][33][34][35]13,22,[26][27][28][29][30][31] which can affect both OL-and CL-KPFM operation to varying degrees. 35 Dual harmonic KPFM (DH-KPFM) is one example of OL-KPFM which has been utilized to measure surface potential 7,[9][10]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12]16,17,[23][24][25] These techniques are also of interest for their reduced sensitivity to electronic offsets and electronic cross talk instrumentation a) Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: jason.kilpatrick@ ucd.ie and brian.rodriguez@ucd.ie issues, 4,7,[32][33][34][35]13,22,[26][27][28][29][30][31] which can affect both OL-and CL-KPFM operation to varying degrees. 35 Dual harmonic KPFM (DH-KPFM) is one example of OL-KPFM which has been utilized to measure surface potential 7,[9][10][11][12]15,16,25,35,36 in ultrahigh vacuum, 9,36 air, 7,15,35 and liquid [10][11][12]16,25 environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative comparison of closed-loop and dual harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques

Kilpatrick

Collins

Weber

et al. 2018

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a widely used technique to map surface potentials at the nanometer scale. In traditional KPFM, a feedback loop regulates the DC bias applied between a sharp conductive probe and a sample to nullify the electrostatic force (closed-loop operation). In comparison, open-loop techniques such as dual harmonic KPFM (DH-KPFM) are simpler to implement, are less sensitive to artefacts, offer the unique ability to probe voltage sensitive materials, and operate in liquid environments. Here, we directly compare the two techniques in terms of their bandwidth and sensitivity to instrumentation artefacts. Furthermore, we introduce a new correction for traditional KPFM termed "setpoint correction," which allows us to obtain agreement between open and closed-loop techniques within 1%. Quantitative validation of DH-KPFM may lead to a wider adoption of open-loop KPFM techniques by the scanning probe community.

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Visualizing Nanoscale Distribution of Corrosion Cells by Open-Loop Electric Potential Microscopy

Cited by 35 publications

References 54 publications

Corrosion Behavior of Severely Deformed Pure and Single-Phase Materials

Corrosion Behavior of Severely Deformed Pure and Single-Phase Materials

Atomic- and Molecular-Resolution Mapping of Solid–Liquid Interfaces by 3D Atomic Force Microscopy

Quantitative comparison of closed-loop and dual harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques

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