Visualizing How One Brain Understands Another: A PET Study of Theory of Mind

Calarge, Chadi A.; Andreasen, Nancy C.; O’Leary, Daniel S.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1954

Cited by 170 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…Retrosplenial activation has been reported in many neuroimaging studies of autobiographical memory, many of which also observed greater retrosplenial activation for recent than for remote autobiographical memories (Addis et al, 2004;Andreasen et al, 1995;Burgess et al, 2001;Gilboa et al, 2004;Maguire & Mummery, 1999;Maguire et al, 2000;Piefke et al, 2003). Further, it has been associated with person familiarity , synaesthesia for familiar names (Weiss et al, 2001), emotional processing (Maddock, 1999), "theory of mind" (Calarge et al, 2003), analysis of long-term associations of highly contextual objects (Bar & Aminoff, 2003), and in particular, with spatial and episodic memory (Aggleton & Pearce, 2001;Aggleton et al, 2000;Wiggs et al, 1999). Lesions to the retrosplenial cortex can lead to memory deficits and amnesia, stressing its importance in episodic retrieval (Valenstein et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussion Autobiographical Memorymentioning

confidence: 93%

Ecphory of autobiographical memories: An fMRI study of recent and remote memory retrieval

2006

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Ecphory occurs when one recollects a past event cued by a trigger, such as a picture, odor, or name. It is a central component of autobiographical memory, which allows us to "travel mentally back in time" and re-experience specific events from our personal past. Using fMRI and focusing on the role of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures, we investigated the brain bases of autobiographical memory and whether they change with the age of memories. Importantly, we used an ecphory task in which the remote character of the memories was ensured. The results showed that a large bilateral network supports autobiographical memory: temporal lobe, temporo-occipito-parietal junction, dorsal prefrontal cortex, medial frontal cortex, retrosplenial cortex and surrounding areas, and MTL structures. This network, including MTL structures, changed little with the age of the memories.

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Section: Discussion Autobiographical Memorymentioning

confidence: 93%

Ecphory of autobiographical memories: An fMRI study of recent and remote memory retrieval

2006

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“…Statements reflecting God's anger (-D2) engaged the L MTG, BA 21, a key area in emotional ToM (21,31,32), involved in detection of high-valence emotion in facial expression and linguistic content (21). The same area responds to languageinduced fear (33) and mediates conscious reappraisal of perceived negative emotions (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and neural foundations of religious belief

Kapogiannis

Barbey

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

242

169

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We propose an integrative cognitive neuroscience framework for understanding the cognitive and neural foundations of religious belief. Our analysis reveals 3 psychological dimensions of religious belief (God's perceived level of involvement, God's perceived emotion, and doctrinal/experiential religious knowledge), which functional MRI localizes within networks processing Theory of Mind regarding intent and emotion, abstract semantics, and imagery. Our results are unique in demonstrating that specific components of religious belief are mediated by well-known brain networks, and support contemporary psychological theories that ground religious belief within evolutionary adaptive cognitive functions.

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“…Mr. Pierson is employed by the University of Iowa. His research contribution was also supported by NIH grants (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). He has no other biomedical financial interests relevant to the subject matter of this review.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of the Cerebellum in Schizophrenia

Andreasen

Pierson

2008

Biological Psychiatry

589

453

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For many years the cerebellum has been considered to serve as a coordinator of motor function. Likewise, for many years schizophrenia has been considered to be a disease that primarily affects the cerebrum. This review summarizes recent evidence that both these views must be revised in the light of emerging evidence about cerebellar function and the mechanisms of schizophrenia. Evidence indicating that the cerebellum plays a role in higher cortical functions is summarized. Evidence indicating that cerebellar abnormalities occur in schizophrenia is also reviewed. These suggest interesting directions for future research. Recent Evidence for the Role of the Cerebellum in CognitionThe tentorium was once the Maginot Line of the brain. Supratentorial regions governed "higher cortical functions," while the humble subtentorial cerebellum performed "lower" functions unrelated to cognition. Recent evidence has illustrated the possible falsity of this dichotomy and has led to a growing group of neuroscientists to reconceptualize the cerebellum as a key player in higher cognitive functions (2; 3; 7-15).One line of evidence for the importance of the cerebellum in cognition arises from evolutionary and developmental neurobiology. Two regions in the human brain are massively larger (by approximately 1/3) than in other higher primates who lack human capacities for complex language, high-level abstract concept formation, the creation of art in its many various forms, and social constructs such as government structure and economic principles. One region is obvious: the prefrontal cortex. The other would not be predicted by most: the cerebellum (16). Why did this convergent expansion occur? One likely explanation is that these two regions work together to perform the variety of "higher cognitive" tasks executed by the ingenious human brain.Anatomical support for the "cerebellar cognitive theory" has been provided by a group of careful tract-tracing studies (17-23). In particular, Strick's group has been applying retrograde and anterograde tract-mapping with herpes and rabies viruses for more than a © 2008 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Address correspondence to: Dr. Nancy C. Andreasen, The University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Room W278 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242-1057, Phone: 319-356-1553. Financial Disclosures: Dr. Andreasen is employed by The University of Iowa. This research was supported by NIH grants to her (5 R01 MH 04856 -20 and 5 R01 MH060990 -09). She has no other biomedical financial interests relevant to the subject matter of this review. Mr. Pierson is employed by the University of Iowa. His research contribution was also supported by NIH grants (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). He has no other biomedical financial interests relevant to the subject matter of this review.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are pro...

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Visualizing How One Brain Understands Another: A PET Study of Theory of Mind

Cited by 170 publications

References 69 publications

Ecphory of autobiographical memories: An fMRI study of recent and remote memory retrieval

Ecphory of autobiographical memories: An fMRI study of recent and remote memory retrieval

Cognitive and neural foundations of religious belief

The Role of the Cerebellum in Schizophrenia

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