Visualization of water transport in a transparent PEMFC

Zhan, Zhigang; Wang, Chen; Fu, Weiguo; Pan, Mu

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.02.081

Cited by 79 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The general pattern was that of channelling and fingering similar to the description of [19]. When gas-flow was present in the channel, liquid droplets emerging at the GDL-channel interface were removed from the surface, as observed by many experimenters and modellers [22], [23], [24]. Gas-flow in the GDL was also observed to influence the dynamics of liquid water, creating flow in the stream of the gasses.…”

Section: %mentioning

confidence: 67%

The effects of compression on single and multiphase flow in a model polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell gas diffusion layer

Tranter

Burns

Ingham

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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A two-dimensional study of an idealised fibrous medium representing the gas diffusion layer of a PEMFC is conducted using computational fluid dynamics. Beginning with an isotropic case the medium is compressed uni-directionally to observe the effects on single and multiphase flow. Relations between the compression ratio and the permeability of the medium are deduced and key parameters dictating the changes in flow are elucidated. The main conclusions are that whilst compression reduces the absolute permeability of an isotropic medium, the creation of anisotropic geometry results in preferential liquid water pathways. The most important parameter for capillary flow, in uniformly hydrophobic media, is the minimum fibre spacing normal to the flow path. The effect is less pronounced with decreasing contact angle and non-existent for neutrally wettable media.

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Section: %mentioning

confidence: 67%

The effects of compression on single and multiphase flow in a model polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell gas diffusion layer

Tranter

Burns

Ingham

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…A number of visualisation techniques were applied to monitor the water distribution and transport in different parts of PEMFC including fluorescence microscopy [125], Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) [88,126], X-Ray radiography [127][128][129][130][131][132][133], X-Ray tomography [134], neutron radiography [135][136][137], magnetic resonance [138], and video cameras [139][140][141][142][143]. An overview of these experimental techniques can be found in [144,145].…”

Section: Water Distribution and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The images captured by [131] and presented in Figures 4a and 4b show clearly higher concentration of liquid water under the rib area for the two types of GDLs, with and without MPL, at a current density of 0.4 Acm -2 . Water starts to build up close to the channel walls forming liquid films as a result of the hydrophilic capillary force of the walls and the drag force of the gas flow in the flow channels [143].…”

Section: Water Distribution and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

Ous

Arcoumanis

2013

Journal of Power Sources

133

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractThis review paper summarises the key aspects of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) degradation that are associated with water formation, retention, accumulation, and transport mechanisms within the cell. Issues related to loss of active surface area of the catalyst, ionomer dissolution, membrane swelling, ice formation, corrosion, and contamination are also addressed and discussed. The impact of each of these water mechanisms on cell performance and durability was found to be different and to vary according to the design of the cell and its operating conditions. For example, the presence of liquid water within Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), as a result of water accumulation, can be detrimental if the operating temperature of the cell drops to sub-freezing.The volume expansion of liquid water due to ice formation can damage the morphology of different parts of the cell and may shorten its life-time. This can be more serious, for example, during the water transport mechanism where migration of Pt particles from the catalyst may take place after detachment from the carbon support. Furthermore, the effect of transport mechanism could be augmented if humid reactant gases containing impurities poison the membrane, leading to the same outcome as water retention or accumulation.Overall, the impact of water mechanisms can be classified as aging or catastrophic. Aging has a longterm impact over the duration of the PEMFC life-time whereas in the catastrophic mechanism the impact is immediate. The conversion of cell residual water into ice at sub-freezing temperatures by the water retention/ accumulation mechanism and the access of poisoning contaminants through the water transport mechanism are considered to fall into the catastrophic category. The effect of water mechanisms on PEMFC degradation can be reduced or even eliminated by (a) using advanced materials for improving the electrical, chemical and mechanical stability of the cell components against deterioration, and (b) implementing effective strategies for water management in the cell.

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“…One of the main problems in the eld of developing PEMFC systems is providing correct water management [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Analysis of the publications shows that great e ort is directed at the understanding and quantitative description of water management processes [11,18,19] to identify in uencing factors [13,15,17] for selection of materials [12], optimization of construction of the PEMFC [14], and control of the water management process [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the publications shows that great e ort is directed at the understanding and quantitative description of water management processes [11,18,19] to identify in uencing factors [13,15,17] for selection of materials [12], optimization of construction of the PEMFC [14], and control of the water management process [16]. The present work is focused on the problem of monitoring water management condition based on fuel cell electrical uctuation analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral method for PEMFC operation mode monitoring based on electrical fluctuation analysis

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This work considers the possibility of applying electrochemical noise analysis to fuel cell diagnostics. Theoretical hypothesis and experimental result have shown that spectral characteristics of electrical uctuations depend on water management processes inside the PEMFC. It has been established that the spectrum of electrical uctuations in low frequency range has the nature of icker noise. The frequency ranges of 0.1-1 Hz convenient for single cell as well as for stack diagnostics are revealed. The results show that the proposed approach can be considered as an e ective tool to diagnose of fuel cells, namely allowing for prediction of drying and ooding.

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Visualization of water transport in a transparent PEMFC

Cited by 79 publications

References 28 publications

The effects of compression on single and multiphase flow in a model polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell gas diffusion layer

The effects of compression on single and multiphase flow in a model polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell gas diffusion layer

Degradation aspects of water formation and transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: A review

Spectral method for PEMFC operation mode monitoring based on electrical fluctuation analysis

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