Visualization of high-speed gas jets and their airblast sprays of cross-injected liquid

Kihm, Kenneth D.; Kim, T. K.; Son, S. Y.

doi:10.1007/s003480050334

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In such a case, the apparition of this new phase will depend on the degree of supersaturation and on the time elapsed in this state, implying that this may also not happen even if feasible. Experimentally, condensation has been observed in underexpanded jets [157,267,74,15,284,130,123,65,205,184,92] and the appearance of a solid phase is well documented in the RESS (for Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution) process where a supercritical fluid is used as a solvent containing a solute which is seen to precipitate during the expansion. However, there is no overall study concerning the appearance of these new phases, as a function of the initial conditions or depending on the fluid involved in the jet, and so this point is still unclear.…”

Section: Thermodynamical Behavior Of the Fluidmentioning

confidence: 97%

Free underexpanded jets in a quiescent medium: A review

Franquet

Perrier

Gibout

et al. 2015

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

245

113

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Section: Thermodynamical Behavior Of the Fluidmentioning

confidence: 97%

Free underexpanded jets in a quiescent medium: A review

Franquet

Perrier

Gibout

et al. 2015

Progress in Aerospace Sciences

245

113

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“…Because both mechanisms are always present, the distinction between the regimes is not clear and is generally defined arbitrarily. Kihm et al 13 performed a flow visualization study to qualitatively examine the different atomization performances of different gas nozzles. The authors concluded that the SN-Type nozzle (converging nozzle which produces under-expanded sonic gas jets) produces a wider spray than the CD-Type nozzle (converging-diverging nozzle which produces over-expanded supersonic gas jets), most likely because the SN-Type nozzle has a wider gas jet (in the absence of liquid) than the CD-Type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of atomizer and cross-flows on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuel injection

Pandian,

Das

2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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The current study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of atomizer and cross-flow velocities on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuels. For gelled Jet A-1, Jet A-1 liquid, Thixatrol® ST and rectified xylene are the base fuel, gellant and solvent, respectively. Gelled Jet A-1 is prepared by adding 85% by weight of base fuel along with 7.5% by weight of gellant and solvent, each at optimum processing conditions. Atomization using a simple-plain-orifice atomizer is investigated to understand its effect on Jet A-1 gel fuel break-up without air cross-flow. Based on the investigation from qualitative flow visualization and quantitative analysis of Jet A-1 gel fuel break-up, a modified simple-plain-orifice atomizer called an internally impinging air-blast atomizer is made. Primary atomization using this new atomizer is studied to understand the break-up of liquid and gelled Jet A-1 gel fuels without any air cross-flow. Secondary atomization of liquid and gel fuel is investigated by transversely injecting fuel into different low-speed subsonic air cross-flow environments. Laser sheet Imaging (LSI) technique is used to capture spray images of both fuels. Break-up mechanisms of both liquid and gel fuels were observed, and the results were compared. Information on the cross-flow air mass flow rate effect on the liquid and gel spray is extracted by developing an algorithm in MATLAB using an image processing tool. Relative droplet size distribution of liquid and gel spray revealed their dependence on cross-flow air mass flow rate. Total droplet count of both liquid and gel fuel decreases significantly as the cross-flow Reynolds’ number increases. At higher cross-flow Reynolds’ number, gel droplets in the flow are observed to be more as compared to liquid fuel.

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“…They performed experiments at stagnation pressures in the range 0.168-0.372 MPa and some of their experiments were conducted in the underexpansion regime. Using a Rayleigh scattering technique, Kihm et al (1999) observed that clusters of vapor molecules in the Rayleigh range were entrained in a gas jet with condensation during isentropic gas expansion. They also took photographs of relatively large spray droplets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They observed typical underexpanded gas jet behavior with Mach disks. Kihm et al (1999) examined droplets entrained in an underexpanded gas jet in the atmosphere in relation to air blast atomizers. They performed experiments at stagnation pressures in the range 0.168-0.372 MPa and some of their experiments were conducted in the underexpansion regime.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrained droplets in underexpanded gas jet in water

Someya

Uchida

et al. 2011

J Vis

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A visualization study was performed to investigate the flow of an underexpanded nitrogen gas jet injected into water. The stagnation pressure was varied in the range 0.5-8.0 MPa. The gas jet length and expansion angle were obtained from time-averaged images captured using a high-speed camera. The gas jet length and expansion angle increased approximately linearly with increasing stagnation pressure. The entrainment velocity and the velocity of entrained water droplets in the gas jet were obtained by particle image velocimetry.

show abstract

Visualization of high-speed gas jets and their airblast sprays of cross-injected liquid

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Free underexpanded jets in a quiescent medium: A review

Free underexpanded jets in a quiescent medium: A review

Effect of atomizer and cross-flows on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuel injection

Entrained droplets in underexpanded gas jet in water

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