“…When measuring in liquid environment the potential amount of usable devices rapidly decreases and none of the listed devices are alone able to describe, in detail, the adsorption process of biomolecules. (Agnihotri & Siedlecki, 2004;Cacciafesta et al, 2001;Cai et al, 2006;2005;Höök et al, 2002b;Jackson et al, 2000;Jandt, 2001;Roach et al, 2005;Roach, Shirtcliffe, Farrar & Perry, 2006;Soman et al, 2008;Sonesson et al, 2007;Swann et al, 2004;Toscano & Santore, 2006;Van De Keere et al, 2008;Vanderah et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2003;Wertz & Santore, 1999;2001;2002;Xu & Siedlecki, 2007) Adsorption of HPF molecules at the rough bulk titanium and modified titanium surfaces increases the scattering and decreases the coherence of the probing laser light beam. These changes in coherence as well as in signal magnitude can be detected with diffractive optical element (DOE) based sensor.…”