a b s t r a c tIron nanoparticles were produced using extracts of green tea leaves (GT-Fe NPs). The materials were characterized using TEM, SEM/EDX, XPS, XRD, and FTIR techniques and were shown to contain mainly iron oxide and iron oxohydroxide. The obtained nanoparticles were then utilized as a Fenton-like catalyst for decolorization of aqueous solutions containing methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes. The related experiments investigated the removal kinetics and the effect of concentration for both MB and MO. The concentrations of dyes in aqueous solution were monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The results indicated fast removal of the dyes with the kinetic data of MB following a second order removal rate, while those of MO were closer to a first order removal rate. The loading experiments indicated almost complete removal of both dyes from water over a wide range of concentration, 10-200 mg L −1 . Compared with iron nanoparticles produced by borohydride reduction, GT-Fe nanoparticles demonstrated more effective capability as a Fenton-like catalyst, both in terms of kinetics and percentage removal.

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Pure calcium carbonate (calcite and aragonite) solid materials of different particle size (100-200 microm fragments and millimeter-sized single crystals) were interacted with Pb in aqueous solutions at room temperature under atmospheric PCO2. In the case of the micrometer-sized samples, the macroscopic investigation using a batch-type treatment procedure (solutions between 10 and 1000 mg/L Pb) and ICP-AES, SEM-EDS, and powder-XRD showed that the metal is readily removed from the aqueous media by both materials and indicated the sorption processes (mainly surface precipitation leading to overgrowth of cerussite and hydrocerussite crystals) taking place in parallel with surface dissolution processes. The various processes occurring at the calcium carbonate solid-water interface were clearly distinguished and defined in the case of the millimeter-sized samples interacted with 1000 mg/L Pb using a combination of wet-chemical, in-situ (AFM) and ex-situ (AFM, SEM) microscopic, and surface spectroscopic (XPS, 12C-RBS) techniques. The in-situ AFM data revealed the dissolution processes on the surface of the calcium carbonates and the simultaneous heterogeneous nucleation of lead carbonate phases and confirmed the secondary dissolution of lead carbonate crystals grown epitaxially from the initial nuclei. The XPS spectra confirmed that adsorption of Pb occurs simultaneously to dissolution at short interaction times (less than approximately 10 min, prior to precipitation-nucleation/crystal growth) in the case of both CaCO3 polymorphs and that the calcite surface with adsorbed Pb may have an aragonite-type character. The 12C-RBS spectra indicated that absorption (incorporation of Pb2+ ions) also takes place in parallel at the surface layers of the calcium carbonates, resulting in formation of solid solutions.