Visual tracking for mobile optical wireless communications

Chen, Biao; Yu, Haotian

doi:10.1364/oe.402557

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…By considering θ F oV = 22 mrad and L = 500 m, Fig. 13 shows exactly matching between the simulation and analytical results of the ASER expressions in (18) and (19). It aslo given that, the ASER can be kept below the system threshold of 10 −1 for turbulence conditions provided that the average SNR > 9 dB.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…So, acquisition, tracking, and pointing (ATP) mechanisms are necessary to achieve such alignment. Hence attaining the LoS, which is vital for effective FSO communications [17] [18] [19]. Recently, communications using FSO links with QKD technology offer an innovative way of sharing secure information.…”

Section: Volume XXX 2021mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where η D is the detector efficiency. The RKR of MPPM-E91 protocol over the quantum (free space) channel, R raw,qu , taking into account the free space channel impairments discussed in Section V is derived by using the ASER, P e , in (19) and the RKR in (26) as follows:…”

Section: Rkr and Skr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability and Security Analysis of an Entanglement-Based QKD Protocol in a Dynamic Ground-to-UAV FSO Communications System

Alshaer

Moawad

Ismail³

2021

IEEE Access

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Quantum cryptography is a promising technology that achieves unconditional security, which is essential to a wide range of sensitive applications. In contrast to optical fiber, the free-space optical (FSO) link is efficiently used as a quantum channel without affecting the polarization of transmitted photons. However, the FSO link has several impairments, such as atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors, which affect the performance of the quantum channel. This paper proposes a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme that uses a time-bin entanglement protocol over the FSO channel that suffers from various channel impairments. Due to the interest in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their usefulness for many social, internet-of-things (IoT), civil, and military applications, the proposed QKD-FSO system is integrated with the ground-to-UAV platform. Furthermore, variances in the position and orientation of the UAV are investigated using a tracking system. These variances are considered when evaluating the overall performance of the proposed integrated system. For this purpose, closed-form expressions are obtained for the system average symbol error rate (ASER) and outage probability. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to verify the validity of the proposed expressions. The system security is investigated assuming photon number splitting (PNS) attack. Moreover, the transmit power, time-bin number, and modulation order are optimized to maximize the raw and secret key rates. The results show that for 500 m link, ASER < 10 −1 and link outage probability < 10 −1 with tolerating boresight displacement up to 30 cm, the system should be configured at receiver's field-of-view > 22 mrad and signal-to-noise ratio > 7.5 dB which leads SNR th < 2.5 dB and raw key rate maximized by adjusting the number of time bins according to the received SNR.INDEX TERMS FSO communication, channel fluctuations, quantum cryptography, entanglement photon, E91 protocol, raw key rate, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), tracking system, Kalman filter, performance evaluation, photon number splitting (PNS).

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Section: Numerical Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Volume XXX 2021mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reliability and Security Analysis of an Entanglement-Based QKD Protocol in a Dynamic Ground-to-UAV FSO Communications System

Alshaer

Moawad

Ismail³

2021

IEEE Access

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A survey of optical wireless technologies: practical considerations, impairments, security issues and future research directions

et al. 2022

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A review on pointing, acquisition, and tracking approaches in UAV-based fso communication systems

2022

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The challenge of tracking unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is arising out of increasing their market and spread usage in many applications. Miscuing UAVs can lead to potential threats as they are considered an essential part of national security. One of the major issues in communication with UAVs is the enormous amount of data generated by UAVs that requires a high data rate link, making the free space optics (FSO) communication, with very high bandwidth, an appropriate choice. Consequently, current developments in UAVs have provided new horizons for establishing UAV-based FSO links. However, FSO is a narrow line of sight (LoS) technology that is highly affected by the misalignment between the transmitter and receiver. So, tracking mechanisms are of vital importance when considering UAV-based FSO communication systems. This paper addresses coarse to fine pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) approaches and the recently developed tracking approaches to establish a reliable link for communication. Also, the various approaches are discussed and compared for precise alignment between the ground station and its associated UAV, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Current challenges and future research directions are addressed and integrated by combining different ideas.

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Visual tracking for mobile optical wireless communications

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Reliability and Security Analysis of an Entanglement-Based QKD Protocol in a Dynamic Ground-to-UAV FSO Communications System

Reliability and Security Analysis of an Entanglement-Based QKD Protocol in a Dynamic Ground-to-UAV FSO Communications System

A survey of optical wireless technologies: practical considerations, impairments, security issues and future research directions

A review on pointing, acquisition, and tracking approaches in UAV-based fso communication systems

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