Visual Representations of Disaster

Bica, Melissa; Palen, Leysia; Bopp, Chris

doi:10.1145/2998181.2998212

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Analysis of these videos identified three different types of lived experiences conveyed in these videos: "watching the wildfire approach the city", which focused on the movement and magnitude of the wildfire; "fleeing from the wildfire", which captured evacuees' movements and behaviors; and "watching your house burn", which showed homes burning from inside or outside of the structure. Similarly, Bica et al [57] conducted a content analysis of geotagged images posted during the Nepal earthquake in 2015. The results of the study suggested that social media users closer to the disaster impact area tended to retweet images that depicted relief, recovery, graphic visual, and structural damage information.…”

Section: Current Public Use Of Social Media For Disaster Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…• While social media users are unique, trends exist in how they use social media platforms during disasters [55,56]. • Social media users share different types of content regarding the disaster [22], and the content can differ based on their location respective to the disaster impact area [57]. • Motivations for social media usage during disasters can also differ.…”

Section: Potential Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Awareness should be raised about the most effective ways in which the general public can contribute to situational awareness. For example, social media users could be encouraged to temporarily allow geotagging of their disaster-related posts via privacy settings, if amenable, to facilitate their use by emergency officials [57]. • Strategic use of hashtags can help emergency managers filter social media content generated during the acute stage of a disaster [55].…”

Section: Innovation Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review of social media use during disaster response and recovery phases

Young¹,

Kuligowski²,

Pradhan³

2020

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Under the National Construction Safety Team Act, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) investigated the May 22, 2011 tornado in Joplin, Missouri. The investigation was an effort to characterize (1) the wind environment and technical conditions associated with fatalities and injuries, (2) the performance of emergency communications systems and the public response to such communications, and (3) the performance of residential, commercial, and critical buildings, designated safe areas in buildings as well as lifelines. The final report of the investigation concluded with a list of sixteen recommendations, including but not limited to recommendations for action on emergency communications. Specifically, NIST recommended "the development of national codes and standards and uniform guidance for clear, consistent, recognizable, and accurate emergency communications, encompassing alerts and warnings, to enable safe, effective, and timely responses" [1, p.367]. This Technical Note is the third installment in the NIST effort to develop evidence-based guidance on the creation and provision of public alerts. The first publication in this series, "Outdoor Siren Systems: A review of technology, usage, and public response during emergencies," provided both an outline on the current status of outdoor siren systems in the U.S., as well as a literature review of how people respond to these systems [2]. The second Technical Note, "A review of public response to short message alerts under imminent threats," focused on short message alerts, underscoring best practices as well as strategies geared towards improving message design and delivery, based on the methods by which people receive and process these types of alerts [3]. In this publication, first we present an overview of current popular social media platforms and the capabilities that they feature, as well as their potential applications for emergency management. That is followed by an outline of social media use for disaster response and recovery research findings, organized by themes. The response themes relate to: 1) the use of these tools for formal emergency management, 2) innovative social media applications for disaster response, and 3) how the general public uses these platforms. The recovery themes involve: 1) social media during recovery for mental health, 2) recovery assessment, and 3) relationship development post-event. The research findings are followed by the limitations and practical considerations for emergency managers, as well as future research suggestions.

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Section: Current Public Use Of Social Media For Disaster Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Innovation Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of social media use during disaster response and recovery phases

Young¹,

Kuligowski²,

Pradhan³

2020

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“…Our current research analyzes data from the microblogging platform Twitter, which has been used to study a variety of sociobehavioral phenomena in hazard events (Hughes and Palen 2009;Houston et al 2015). 3 We generate meaning from the vast Twitter data available by integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses, informed by our research questions, understanding of the nature of the data, and expertise in the relevant research domains (Kogan et al 2015;Palen and Anderson 2016;Anderson et al 2016;Stowe et al 2016;Bica et al 2017;Demuth et al 2017, manuscript submitted to Wea. Climate Soc.…”

Section: Dynamic Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazardous Weather Prediction and Communication in the Modern Information Environment

Morss

Demuth

Lazrus

et al. 2017

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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During the last few decades, scientific capabilities for understanding and predicting weather and climate risks have advanced rapidly. At the same time, technological advances, such as the Internet, mobile devices, and social media, are transforming how people exchange and interact with information. In this modern information environment, risk communication, interpretation, and decision-making are rapidly evolving processes that intersect across space, time, and society. Instead of a linear or iterative process in which individual members of the public assess and respond to distinct pieces of weather forecast or warning information, this article conceives of weather prediction, communication, and decision-making as an interconnected dynamic system. In this expanded framework, information and uncertainty evolve in conjunction with people’s risk perceptions, vulnerabilities, and decisions as a hazardous weather threat approaches; these processes are intertwined with evolving social interactions in the physical and digital worlds. Along with the framework, the article presents two interdisciplinary research approaches for advancing the understanding of this complex system and the processes within it: analysis of social media streams and computational natural–human system modeling. Examples from ongoing research are used to demonstrate these approaches and illustrate the types of new insights they can reveal. This expanded perspective together with research approaches, such as those introduced, can help researchers and practitioners understand and improve the creation and communication of information in atmospheric science and other fields.

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“…By contrast with macro-level images, social media images have higher "resolution", in the sense that they can provide detailed on-site information from the perspective of the eyewitnesses of the disaster [10]. Thus, social media images can serve as an ancillary yet rich source of visual information in disaster damage assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localizing and Quantifying Damage in Social Media Images

Caragea

Zhang

et al. 2018

2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM)

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Traditional post-disaster assessment of damage heavily relies on expensive GIS data, especially remote sensing image data. In recent years, social media has become a rich source of disaster information that may be useful in assessing damage at a lower cost. Such information includes text (e.g., tweets) or images posted by eyewitnesses of a disaster. Most of the existing research explores the use of text in identifying situational awareness information useful for disaster response teams. The use of social media images to assess disaster damage is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, based on convolutional neural networks and class activation maps, to locate damage in a disaster image and to quantify the degree of the damage. Our proposed approach enables the use of social network images for post-disaster damage assessment, and provides an inexpensive and feasible alternative to the more expensive GIS approach.

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Visual Representations of Disaster

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

A review of social media use during disaster response and recovery phases

A review of social media use during disaster response and recovery phases

Hazardous Weather Prediction and Communication in the Modern Information Environment

Localizing and Quantifying Damage in Social Media Images

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