Visual Rays are Parallel

Koenderink, Jan J.; Doorn, Andrea van; Ridder, Huib de; Oomes, Stijn

doi:10.1068/p6530

Cited by 25 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Science has no trouble investigating the veridicality of the perceptions of other species and concluding, e.g., in the case of the fly, that they fail to be veridical. Its methods apply equally well to evaluating the veridicality of the perceptions of H. sapiens (Koenderink et al, 2010; Koenderink, 2011b, 2013). …”

Section: Objections and Repliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objects of consciousness

Hoffman

Prakash

2014

Front. Psychol.

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Current models of visual perception typically assume that human vision estimates true properties of physical objects, properties that exist even if unperceived. However, recent studies of perceptual evolution, using evolutionary games and genetic algorithms, reveal that natural selection often drives true perceptions to extinction when they compete with perceptions tuned to fitness rather than truth: Perception guides adaptive behavior; it does not estimate a preexisting physical truth. Moreover, shifting from evolutionary biology to quantum physics, there is reason to disbelieve in preexisting physical truths: Certain interpretations of quantum theory deny that dynamical properties of physical objects have definite values when unobserved. In some of these interpretations the observer is fundamental, and wave functions are compendia of subjective probabilities, not preexisting elements of physical reality. These two considerations, from evolutionary biology and quantum physics, suggest that current models of object perception require fundamental reformulation. Here we begin such a reformulation, starting with a formal model of consciousness that we call a “conscious agent.” We develop the dynamics of interacting conscious agents, and study how the perception of objects and space-time can emerge from such dynamics. We show that one particular object, the quantum free particle, has a wave function that is identical in form to the harmonic functions that characterize the asymptotic dynamics of conscious agents; particles are vibrations not of strings but of interacting conscious agents. This allows us to reinterpret physical properties such as position, momentum, and energy as properties of interacting conscious agents, rather than as preexisting physical truths. We sketch how this approach might extend to the perception of relativistic quantum objects, and to classical objects of macroscopic scale.

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Section: Objections and Repliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objects of consciousness

Hoffman

Prakash

2014

Front. Psychol.

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“…At least one participant spontaneously remarked on the fact that the gauge object is not exactly presented frontally; thus, in order to have the face “look at you,” a small correction in the opposite location might be preferred. Indeed, such an effect might be expected due to the nature of the “external local sign” for the majority of the population, a strong effect that we have investigated before (Koenderink et al., 2009, 2010). However, we find no evidence for such a systematic effect here, possibly due to the fact that the angle α is only about

14 \circ

.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facing the Spectator

et al. 2016

Self Cite

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We investigated the familiar phenomenon of the uncanny feeling that represented people in frontal pose invariably appear to “face you” from wherever you stand. We deploy two different methods. The stimuli include the conventional one—a flat portrait rocking back and forth about a vertical axis—augmented with two novel variations. In one alternative, the portrait frame rotates whereas the actual portrait stays motionless and fronto-parallel; in the other, we replace the (flat!) portrait with a volumetric object. These variations yield exactly the same optical stimulation in frontal view, but become grossly different in very oblique views. We also let participants sample their momentary awareness through “gauge object” settings in static displays. From our results, we conclude that the psychogenesis of visual awareness maintains a number—at least two, but most likely more—of distinct spatial frameworks simultaneously involving “cue–scission.” Cues may be effective in one of these spatial frameworks but ineffective or functionally different in other ones.

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“…In this case the probe's stem projects to a single point within the circular base. 27 A slant of π/2 corresponds to a probe that lies on an occluding boundary in the photo. In this case, the probe projects to a "T"-shape with the stem coincident with the axis b 2 , and with the circular base laying in the plane spanned by axes b 1 and b 3 .…”

Section: -28mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposing photo manipulation from user-guided 3D lighting analysis

2015

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We describe a photo forensic technique based on detecting inconsistencies in lighting. This technique explicitly measures the 3-D lighting properties for individual people, objects, or surfaces in a single image. We show that with minimal training, an analyst can accurately specify 3-D shape in a single image from which 3-D lighting can be automatically estimated. A perturbation analysis on the estimated lighting is performed to yield a probabilistic measure of the location of the illuminating light. Inconsistencies in lighting within an image evidence photo tampering.

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Visual Rays are Parallel

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Objects of consciousness

Objects of consciousness

Facing the Spectator

Exposing photo manipulation from user-guided 3D lighting analysis

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