Visual Impairment and Myopia in Brazilian Children

Abstract

The prevalence of VI among children aged 10 to 15 years in this typical Brazilian city is low and similar to other school-based studies, and most of the VI is caused by uncorrected myopia.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vision Impairment among Children of Employees of Telecom, Italy

“…When considering studies in children with a different racial-ethnic origin, it is possible to estimate that our presenting VI rate seems to be higher than in South Africa (9), Ghana (32), Iran (13), Sao Paulo, Brazil (14), Mexico (17), rural areas of Nepal and India (5, 7), mixed racial-ethnic profile ­Australians aged 12 and 13 years (19), and Lao PDR (28); similar to in a Brazilian sample with a mixed racial-ethnic profile (31), US studies with African American and Hispanic participants (23), mixed racial-ethnic profile Australian participants (18, 27), and in China (33); and lower than in Chile (6), an indigenous Australian population (26), urban populations of Nepal (22) and India (8, 16), Malaysia (11), Cambodia (29), Vietnam (35), and various areas of China (4, 10, 12, 20, 23, 30, 36).…”

“…The RESC protocol was adopted later in India (7, 8), South Africa (9), Southern China (10, 12), Malaysia (11), Brazil (13), and Iran (14). Other studies carried out in Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Ghana, India, Lao PDR, Mexico, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States followed a different protocol (15-2236), indicating that in these countries, even if with a different prevalence, the correction of refractive defect is a health problem.…”

<p>The Prevalence of Myopia and Factors Associated with It Among Secondary School Children in Rural Vietnam</p>

“…Although a slight difference in average time was observed, these results are similar to those observed in Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Vietnam, 18 Australia, 43 China, 23,44 and Brazil. 45 Moreover, we performed marginal analysis to determine the relationship between time spent outdoors and myopia. To avoid confounding factors, we adjusted for mother's educational attainment, a history of parental myopia, and the number of hours per week spent reading or studying, using a computer, and watching television.…”

Global prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The prevalence of VI in this study was calculated based on uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and presenting visual acuity (PVA) as reported in previous studies. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 The participant's PVA was considered UCVA in participants without glasses and visual acuity with present glasses in individuals with glasses. According to previous studies, the prevalence of VI was reported based on visual acuity cut-point of 20/40 or worse and 20/60 or worse in the better eye (according to the WHO guidelines, VI based on PVA, UCVA, and BCVA was considered as visual acuity in the better eye of equal to 20/60 or worse).…”