Visual fatigue while watching 3D stimuli from different positions

Abstract

PurposeWhen observers focus their stereoscopic visual system for a long time (e.g., watching a 3D movie) they may experience visual discomfort or asthenopia. We tested two types of models for predicting visual fatigue in a task in which subjects were instructed to discriminate between 3D characters. One model was based on viewing distance (focal distance, vergence distance) and another in visual direction (oculomotor imbalance).MethodA 3D test was designed to assess binocular visual fatigue while looking at 3D stimuli located in different visual directions and viewed from two distances from the screen. The observers were tested under three conditions: (a) normal vision; (b) wearing a lens (−2 diop.); (c) wearing a base-out prism (2▿) over each eye. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated (as Signal Detection Theory parameters: SDT).ResultsAn ANOVA and SDT analyses revealed that impaired visual performance were directly related to short distance and larger deviation in visual direction, particularly when the stimuli were located nearer and at more than 24° to the centre of the screen in dextroversion and beyond.ConclusionThis results support a mixed model, combining a model based on the visual angle (related to viewing distance) and another based on the oculomotor imbalance (related to visual direction). This mixed model could help to predict the distribution of seats in the cinema room ranging from those that produce greater visual comfort to those that produce more visual discomfort. Also could be a first step to pre-diagnosis of binocular vision disorders.

Subjective and objective evaluation of visual fatigue caused by continuous and discontinuous use of HMDs

“…When the screen was smaller, users would spend time on searching which would induce more severe symptoms . Secondly, smartphones' FOV in our experiments just 19.4°, which was less than 24° that might significantly induce visual fatigue . Except that the distance also would influence the result.…”

An analysis of learners’ intentions toward virtual reality online learning systems: a case study in Taiwan

“…It was indicated that a technological product that causes visual fatigue in people would generate negative psychological reaction to it, which in turn decreases their usage intention. In VR-related research, some researchers explored the visual fatigues caused by VR, such as the effects of visual fatigues from using headset display, and how much the viewing directions and distances with 3D affect visual fatigues [29]. It was indicated that visual fatigues negatively affect users' psychological reaction.…”

Research on the effect of contrast enhancement and illumination condition on 3D visual fatigue

“…9 In Aznarcasanova et al, the authors proposed a mixed model based on the visual angle (related to viewing distance) and oculomotor imbalance (related to visual direction), which could help to predict the distribution of seats in the cinema room ranging from visual comfort to discomfort. 10 Kim et al examined how the rate of change in the vergenceaccommodation conflict affects viewer discomfort, and the results showed that greater discomfort was experienced when stimulus distance changed rapidly, particularly in 3D viewing when the vergence stimulus changed but the accommodative stimulus did not. 11 Wang et al studied the single effect of disparity based on electroencephalograph (EEG) analysis and verified the relationships between EEG indicators and disparity.…”