Visual fatigue caused by stereoscopic images and the search for the requirement to prevent them: A review

Bando, Takehiko; Iijima, Atsuhiko; Yano, Sumio

doi:10.1016/j.displa.2011.09.001

Cited by 121 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…This vergence-accommodation conflict was reported as an important factor in so-called 3D fatigue. 1,3,[16][17][18][19] Emoto et al 5 reported that fusional amplitude showed a greater decrease in stereoscopic viewing than in viewing conventional TV because of the strain on the vergence eye movement system. The ABV patients with normal stereopsis would need more effort than normal people to maintain fusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of stereopsis and abnormal binocular vision on ocular and systemic discomfort while watching 3D television

Cui

et al. 2013

Eye

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Purpose To evaluate the degree of threedimensional (3D) perception and ocular and systemic discomfort in patients with abnormal binocular vision (ABV), and their relationship to stereoacuity while watching a 3D television (TV). Methods Patients with strabismus, amblyopia, or anisometropia older than 9 years were recruited for the ABV group (98 subjects). Normal volunteers were enrolled in the control group (32 subjects). Best-corrected visual acuity, refractive errors, angle of strabismus, and stereoacuity were measured. After watching 3D TV for 20 min, a survey was conducted to evaluate the degree of 3D perception, and ocular and systemic discomfort while watching 3D TV. Results One hundred and thirty subjects were enrolled in this study. The ABV group included 49 patients with strabismus, 22 with amblyopia, and 27 with anisometropia. The ABV group showed worse stereoacuity at near and distant fixation (Po0.001). Ocular and systemic discomfort was, however, not different between the two groups. Fifty-three subjects in the ABV group and all subjects in the control group showed good stereopsis (60 s of arc or better at near), and they reported more dizziness, headache, eye fatigue, and pain (Po0.05) than the other 45 subjects with decreased stereopsis. The subjects with good stereopsis in the ABV group felt more eye fatigue than those in the control group (P ¼ 0.031). The subjects with decreased stereopsis showed more difficulty with 3D perception (Po0.001). ConclusionsThe subjects with abnormal stereopsis showed decreased 3D perception while watching 3D TV. However, ocular and systemic discomfort was more closely related to better stereopsis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of stereopsis and abnormal binocular vision on ocular and systemic discomfort while watching 3D television

Cui

et al. 2013

Eye

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“…The difference between natural watching of the real world and stereo performance can induce visual discomfort and fatigue [4]. factors have been identified as causing visual fatigue during or after watching stereo contents.…”

Section: Causes Of Visual Discomfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and modeling of visual fatigue caused by S3D content using eye-tracking

2015

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“…Biocca suggested that the cause of VR-induced sickness could be a technical problem, which would disappear as the technology advanced [35]. Unfortunately, this has not been the experience so far as technological advancements have not significantly reduced visual problems [12,13,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] (Table 2). Therefore, the extent to which HMD design impacts visual discomfort is unclear.…”

Section: Meta-analysis and Systematic Reviews On The Role Of Hmds In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, specific types of HMDs might have mismatch problems with the user's visual system due to improper optical design, resulting in convergence-accommodation conflict and visual discomfort or fatigue [7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: The Visual Effects Associated With Head-mounted Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Visual Effects Associated with Head-Mounted Displays

Jing¹,

Mansouri²,

H³

et al. 2018

Int J Ophthalmol Clin Res

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Visual fatigue caused by stereoscopic images and the search for the requirement to prevent them: A review

Cited by 121 publications

References 75 publications

Influence of stereopsis and abnormal binocular vision on ocular and systemic discomfort while watching 3D television

Influence of stereopsis and abnormal binocular vision on ocular and systemic discomfort while watching 3D television

Investigation and modeling of visual fatigue caused by S3D content using eye-tracking

The Visual Effects Associated with Head-Mounted Displays

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