Visual Eye Gaze While Cycling: Analyzing Eye Tracking at Signalized Intersections in Urban Conditions

Rupi, Federico; Krizek, Kevin J.

doi:10.3390/su11216089

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Our study was simple but relatively unique in the literature. To our knowledge, only a small number of outdoor studies with pedestrians or cyclists have been published so far, mostly focusing on locomotion and interactions with other pedestrians rather than interactions with vehicles in an unstructured environment (e.g., Arai et al, 2017;Fotios et al, 2015;Liu, Dong, Zhan, Wang, & Meng, 2020;Mantuano, Bernardi, & Rupi, 2017;Rupi & Krizek, 2019;Simpson et al, 2019;Trefzger, Blascheck, Raschke, Hausmann, & Schlegel, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do pedestrians distribute their visual attention when walking through a parking garage? An eye-tracking study

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do pedestrians distribute their visual attention when walking through a parking garage? An eye-tracking study

et al. 2021

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“…Eye-tracking has been widely used in studying users' visual perception and attention in different contexts. For example, research has shown that experienced and inexperienced bicyclists have a different perceived gaze at infrastructure treatments around intersections (Rupi and Krizek 2019). The latest virtual reality headsets, such as the HTC VIVE Pro Eye, have integrated eye tracking features, allowing for IVE researchers to incorporate eye tracking analysis within their studies.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

ORCLSim: A System Architecture for Studying Bicyclist and Pedestrian Physiological Behavior Through Immersive Virtual Environments

Guo,

Angulo,

Robartes

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Injuries and fatalities for vulnerable road users, especially bicyclists and pedestrians, are on the rise. To better inform design for vulnerable road users, we need to conduct more studies to evaluate how bicyclist and pedestrian behavior and physiological states change in different roadway designs and contextual settings. Previous research highlights the advantages of Immersive Virtual Environment (IVE) in conducting bicyclist and pedestrian studies. These environments do not put participants at risk of getting injured, are low-cost compared to on-road or naturalistic studies and allow researchers to fully control variables of interest. In this paper, we propose a framework ORCLSim, to support human sensing techniques within IVE to evaluate bicyclist and pedestrian physiological and behavioral changes in different contextual settings. To showcase this framework, we present two case studies where we collect and analyze pilot data from five participants' physiological and behavioral responses in an IVE setting, representing real-world roadway segments and traffic conditions. Results from these case studies indicate that physiological data is sensitive to road environment changes and real-time events, especially changes in heart rate and gaze behavior. Additionally, our preliminary data indicates participants may respond differently to various roadway settings (e.g., intersections with or without traffic signal). By analyzing these changes, we can identify how participants' stress levels and cognitive load is impacted by the simulated surrounding environment. The ORCLSim system architecture can be further utilized for future studies in users' behavioral and physiological responses in different virtual reality settings.

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“…A majority of bicycle-motor vehicle collisions occur in urban areas, where the bicycle is used for daily trips, and approximately half of them take place at bicycle crossings [9][10][11][12][13][14]. The most frequent crossing path crashes are where a motorist failed to yield to a bicyclist, and bicyclist failed to yield at an intersection or mid-block [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Mid-Block Bicycle Crossings: The Effects of Red Colored Pavement and Portal Overhead Bicycle Crossing Sign

et al. 2022

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This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of some mid-block bicycle crossing elements by analyzing the drivers’ behavior, when approaching the bicycle crossings in a real road experiments with 18 participants. The eye-tracking instrument has been used to monitor the driver’s visual behavior during the test in an instrumented vehicle with GPS (global positioning system) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). In particular, the drivers’ gaze was investigated frame by frame while approaching the mid-block bicycle crossings. The results showed that the red colored pavement increased the visibility of the mid-block crossing zone to 65.3% with respect to zebra crossing 59.6%. The drivers’ visual field was also narrowed by the portal overhead bicycle crossing sign and, consequently, drivers reduced their velocity and looked more to the vertical signs by 28%. The drivers’ speed reduction helped drivers to see the mid-block crossing elements from a greater distance with a higher fixation duration.

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Visual Eye Gaze While Cycling: Analyzing Eye Tracking at Signalized Intersections in Urban Conditions

Cited by 33 publications

References 54 publications

How do pedestrians distribute their visual attention when walking through a parking garage? An eye-tracking study

How do pedestrians distribute their visual attention when walking through a parking garage? An eye-tracking study

ORCLSim: A System Architecture for Studying Bicyclist and Pedestrian Physiological Behavior Through Immersive Virtual Environments

Urban Mid-Block Bicycle Crossings: The Effects of Red Colored Pavement and Portal Overhead Bicycle Crossing Sign

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