Visual Evoked-Response Components Related to Speechreading and Spatial Skills in Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Adults

Samar, Vincent J.; Sims, Donald G.

doi:10.1044/jshr.2702.162

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Interestingly, in the light of the concerns of the present study, Shepherd et al (1977) reported visually evoked electrophysiological responses that showed peak-latency differences as a function of speechreading skill in a population of na|« ve hearing participants. In hearing-impaired people, some ERP measures of early occurring visual responsiveness (VR16 responses) were faster and more pronounced than in hearing people (Samar and Sims 1984). Although these findings are not always replicated, they suggest that speechreading skill may be related to individual differences in low-level visual processing.…”

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confidence: 87%

Speechreading Skill and Visual Movement Sensitivity are Related in Deaf Speechreaders

et al. 2005

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Individual speechreading abilities have been linked with a range of cognitive and language-processing factors. The role of specifically visual abilities in relation to the processing of visible speech is less studied. Here we report that the detection of coherent visible motion in random-dot kinematogram displays is related to speechreading skill in deaf, but not in hearing, speechreaders. A control task requiring the detection of visual form showed no such relationship. Additionally, people born deaf were better speechreaders than hearing people on a new test of silent speechreading.

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confidence: 87%

Speechreading Skill and Visual Movement Sensitivity are Related in Deaf Speechreaders

et al. 2005

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“…These findings suggest a role for general sensory function or regulation of visual attention in mediating individual differences in speechreading. However, more recently it has been shown that the correlation effect is influenced by the hearing status of the subject and by the stimulus predictability (Rönneburg et al, 1989;Samar & Sims, 1984) and may be present only for the amplitude of the negative deflection not its latency (Rönneburg et al, 1989). Thus, if visual processing speed is related to speechreading ability it is not a simple or straightforward index.…”

Section: Individual Differences In Speechreading Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reading Fluent Speech from Talking Faces: Typical Brain Networks and Individual Differences

Hall

Fussell

Summerfield

2005

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

101

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Listeners are able to extract important linguistic information by viewing the talker's face -a process known as 'speechreading'. Previous studies of speechreading present small closed sets of simple words and their results indicate that visual speech processing engages a wide network of brain regions in the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes that are likely to underlie multiple stages of the receptive language system. The present study further explored this network in a large group of subjects by presenting naturally-spoken sentences which tap the richer complexities of visual speech processing. Four different baselines (blank screen, static face, non-linguistic facial gurning, and auditory speech) enabled us to determine the hierarchy of neural processing involved in speechreading and to test the claim that visual input reliably accesses sound-based representations in the auditory cortex.In contrast to passively viewing a blank screen, the static-face condition evoked activation bilaterally across the border of the fusiform gyrus and cerebellum, and in the medial superior frontal gyrus and left precentral gyrus (P < 0.05, whole brain corrected). With the static face as baseline, the gurning face evoked bilateral activation in the motion-sensitive region of the occipital cortex, whereas visual speech additionally engaged middle temporal 1 gyrus, inferior and middle frontal gyri, and the inferior parietal lobe, particularly in the left hemisphere. These latter regions are implicated in lexical stages of spoken language processing. While auditory speech generated extensive bilateral activation across both superior and middle temporal gyri, the group-averaged pattern of speechreading activation failed to include any auditory regions along the superior temporal gyrus, suggesting that fluent visual speech does not always involve sound-based coding of the visual input.An important finding from the individual subject analyses was that activation in the superior temporal gyrus did reach significance (P < 0.001, small-volume corrected) for a subset of the group. Moreover, the extent of the left-sided superior temporal gyrus activity was strongly correlated with speechreading performance. Skilled speechreading was also associated with activations and deactivations in other brain regions suggesting that individual differences reflect the efficiency of a circuit linking sensory, perceptual, memory, cognitive, and linguistic processes rather than the operation of a single component process.

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The syntactic priming effect: Evoked response evidence for a prelexical locus

Samar

Berent

1986

Brain and Language

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Visual Evoked-Response Components Related to Speechreading and Spatial Skills in Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Adults

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Speechreading Skill and Visual Movement Sensitivity are Related in Deaf Speechreaders

Speechreading Skill and Visual Movement Sensitivity are Related in Deaf Speechreaders

Reading Fluent Speech from Talking Faces: Typical Brain Networks and Individual Differences

The syntactic priming effect: Evoked response evidence for a prelexical locus

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