Abstract:The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of motor practice on visual judgments of apertures for wheelchair locomotion and the visual control of wheelchair locomotion in wheelchair users who had no prior experience. Sixteen young adults, divided into motor practice and control groups, visually judged varying apertures as passable or impassable under walking, pre-practice, and post-practice conditions. The motor practice group underwent additional motor practice in 10 blocks of five trials each,… Show more
“…The results revealed that participants required a larger gap when they actually walked through the gap than when they made verbal judgments from a stationary point of observation. Significant differences between perceptual judgments and actual performance have been documented in terms of whether a stair is low enough to be stepped upon ( Warren, 1984 ), an object is close enough to be grasped (e.g., Carello et al, 1989 ; Wagman and Morgan, 2010 ), an expanse can be stepped or leaped over ( Cole et al, 2013 ; Day et al, 2015 ), the slope of a surface is small enough for it to be ascended ( Kinsella-Shaw et al, 1992 ), and wheelchair users can pass through a gap (e.g., Higuchi et al, 2004 ; Stoffregen et al, 2009a ; Rodrigues et al, 2014 ).…”
It has been well documented, and fairly well known, that concomitant with an increase in chronological age is a corresponding increase in sensory impairment. As most people realize, our hearing suffers as we get older; hence, the increased need for hearing aids. The first portion of the present paper is how the change in age apparently affects auditory judgments of sound source position. A summary of the literature evaluating the changes in the perception of sound source location and the perception of sound source motion as a function of chronological age is presented. The review is limited to empirical studies with behavioral findings involving humans. It is the view of the author that we have an immensely limited understanding of how chronological age affects perception of space when based on sound. In the latter part of the paper, discussion is given to how auditory spatial perception is traditionally conducted in the laboratory. Theoretically, beneficial reasons exist for conducting research in the manner it has been. Nonetheless, from an ecological perspective, the vast majority of previous research can be considered unnatural and greatly lacking in ecological validity. Suggestions for an alternative and more ecologically valid approach to the investigation of auditory spatial perception are proposed. It is believed an ecological approach to auditory spatial perception will enhance our understanding of the extent to which individuals perceive sound source location and how those perceptual judgments change with an increase in chronological age.
“…The results revealed that participants required a larger gap when they actually walked through the gap than when they made verbal judgments from a stationary point of observation. Significant differences between perceptual judgments and actual performance have been documented in terms of whether a stair is low enough to be stepped upon ( Warren, 1984 ), an object is close enough to be grasped (e.g., Carello et al, 1989 ; Wagman and Morgan, 2010 ), an expanse can be stepped or leaped over ( Cole et al, 2013 ; Day et al, 2015 ), the slope of a surface is small enough for it to be ascended ( Kinsella-Shaw et al, 1992 ), and wheelchair users can pass through a gap (e.g., Higuchi et al, 2004 ; Stoffregen et al, 2009a ; Rodrigues et al, 2014 ).…”
It has been well documented, and fairly well known, that concomitant with an increase in chronological age is a corresponding increase in sensory impairment. As most people realize, our hearing suffers as we get older; hence, the increased need for hearing aids. The first portion of the present paper is how the change in age apparently affects auditory judgments of sound source position. A summary of the literature evaluating the changes in the perception of sound source location and the perception of sound source motion as a function of chronological age is presented. The review is limited to empirical studies with behavioral findings involving humans. It is the view of the author that we have an immensely limited understanding of how chronological age affects perception of space when based on sound. In the latter part of the paper, discussion is given to how auditory spatial perception is traditionally conducted in the laboratory. Theoretically, beneficial reasons exist for conducting research in the manner it has been. Nonetheless, from an ecological perspective, the vast majority of previous research can be considered unnatural and greatly lacking in ecological validity. Suggestions for an alternative and more ecologically valid approach to the investigation of auditory spatial perception are proposed. It is believed an ecological approach to auditory spatial perception will enhance our understanding of the extent to which individuals perceive sound source location and how those perceptual judgments change with an increase in chronological age.
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