The Critical Point to Step into a Hole is Similar in Young and Older Adults

Santos, Luciana Oliveira dos; Costa, Andréia Abud da Silva; Batistela, Rosangela Alice; Moraes, Renato

doi:10.1080/00222895.2019.1672618

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…‘is this passageway wide enough for me to walk through?’ Such an affordance is perceived in body-scaled terms, such as eye-height, which can be optically specified. To date, much of what we know about children and older adult’s sensitivity to specifying information involves this body-scaled, spatial information (Comalli et al, 2013 ; Dos Santos, Costa, Batistela, & Moraes, 2020 ; Finkel, Schmidt, Scheib, & Randerat, 2019 ; Franchak, Celano & Adolph, 2012 ). However, in such cases, the opportunity for action does not change over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental differences across the lifespan in the use of perceptual information to guide action-based decisions

Stafford

Rodger

Gómez-Jordana

et al. 2021

Psychological Research

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Perceptual information about unfolding events is important for guiding decisions about when and how to move in real-world action situations. As an exemplary case, road-crossing is a perceptual-motor task where age has been shown to be a strong predictor of risk due to errors in action-based decisions. The present study investigated age differences between three age groups (Children: 10–12 years old; Adults: 19–39 years old; Older Adults: 65 + year olds) in the use of perceptual information for selection, timing, and control of action when crossing a two-way street in an immersive, interactive virtual reality environment. Adults and children selected gaps to cross that were consistent with the use of a time-based information variable (tau), whereas older adults tuned less into the time-based variable (tau) to guide road-crossing decisions. For action initiation and control, children and adults also showed a strong ability to precisely time their entry with respect to the lead vehicle maximising the available time to cross and coordinating walking movements with the tail vehicle to ensure they were not on a collision course. In contrast, older adults delayed action initiation and showed difficulty coordinating self-movement with the approaching vehicle. This study and its results tie together age-based differences in the three components of action decision-making (selection, timing and control) within a unified framework based on perceptual information. The implications of these age-related differences in action decisions and crossing behaviours are discussed in the context of road safety.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental differences across the lifespan in the use of perceptual information to guide action-based decisions

Stafford

Rodger

Gómez-Jordana

et al. 2021

Psychological Research

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“…Os resultados do estudo de Müller et al (2014) mostraram que mudanças na marcha e postura não ocorrem somente no passo da perturbação, mas um passo antes como forma de preparação, dado que a visão permite obter informação de forma antecipada sobre possíveis perturbações ambientais. A informação visual ajuda os indivíduos a executarem a melhor estratégia motora, seja para acomodar ou evitar um obstáculo durante a locomoção (SANTOS et al, 2019a) ou captar informações de forma antecipatória para uma negociação segura com o obstáculo (GRACI; ELLIOTT; BUCKLEY, 2010).…”

Section: Visão Exproprioceptiva E Locomoção Em Idososunclassified

“…Dada a relevância da informação visual exproprioceptiva na negociação de obstáculos e durante o andar em superfícies regulares e irregulares, torna-se importante investigar essa fonte de informação sensorial em outras tarefas motoras que envolvam locomoção adaptativa. Uma tarefa que tem começado a interessar de forma mais frequente os pesquisadores é a de pisar em uma região rebaixada, como ocorre na presença de um buraco no chão (MÜLLER; TSCHIESCHE; BLICKHAN, 2014;AMINIAGHDAM et al, 2017;AMINIAGHDAMA et al, 2018;SANTOS et al, 2019a;MORAES, 2019b). Com base nisso, as pesquisas têm buscado investigar tanto os mecanismos de controle reativo como os antecipatórios ao realizar essa tarefa.…”

Section: Adaptações E Estratégias Locomotoras Ao Pisar Em Um Buracounclassified

“…Dependendo das características do buraco, as pessoas podem preferir evitá-lo ao invés de pisar dentro dele. Assim, Santos et al (2019a) buscaram identificar o ponto de transição entre as estratégias locomotoras de acomodar (pisar dentro do buraco) ou evitar (ajustar o comprimento/largura do passo para pisar fora do buraco) em adultos jovens e idosos ao negociar um buraco com diferentes comprimentos, mas com profundidade constante de 12 cm. Eles encontraram que tanto jovens como idosos decidiram pisar dentro do buraco quando o mesmo possuía um comprimento equivalente a 1,3 vezes o comprimento do pé.…”

Section: Adaptações E Estratégias Locomotoras Ao Pisar Em Um Buracounclassified

“…Assim, é preciso entender como a informação visual contribui para a negociação com terrenos irregulares, como na tarefa de pisar em um buraco (AMINIAGHDAM et al, 2017;AMINIAGHDAMA et al, 2018;MORAES, 2019b). A informação visual é usada para tomar a decisão de pisar ou evitar o buraco (SANTOS et al, 2019a), além de ser usada na realização de adaptações antecipatórias para lidar com superfícies desniveladas (MÜLLER; TSCHIESCHE; BLICKHAN, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Efeito da informação visual exproprioceptiva sobre o controle da locomoção ao pisar em um buraco em idosos

Campoi¹

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While walking on regular and uneven terrains, older people present modifications in gait compared to younger adults. Small biomechanical changes during this task modify the body's balance with postural adjustments needed to keep the stability, which depends on the availability of visual information. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of lower limb exproprioceptive visual information through a facial mask on walking stability control while stepping on an uneven surface (i.e., a hole) in older people. In this study, 15 healthy older people participated, aged between 65 and 80 years old. Passive retroreflective markers were placed on the participants' skin, and two force plates were positioned in the walkway (one in the area where the trailing limb stepped before the hole and another underneath the hole. The participants walked along a wooden walkway under two conditions: without and with the hole. The support surface conditions were performed with and without the availability of exproprioceptive visual information from the lower limbs, which were manipulated with the wearing of basketball glasses and a facial mask to prevent the vision of part of the lower visual field. The software Nexus (Vicon) was used to calculate the angles of the head and the trunk and the coordinates of the center of mass (COM) in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction. The margin of stability in the AP direction and the average gait speed were calculated. The ground reaction force was used to calculate the braking and propulsive impulses in the AP and vertical directions. Furthermore, the electromyography (EMG) of the medial gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior muscles of the dominant limb was recorded. For the statistical analysis, we carried out analyses of variance, with a significance level set at p≤0.05. The results identified that the visual exproprioception manipulation did not influence the margin of stability of older people while stepping into a hole and did not affect the other analyzed parameters (average gait speed, impulse and EMG activity). Older adults used a headflexed strategy to compensate for the lower visual obstruction and, thus, obtain visual information about the hole two steps ahead to plan the necessary locomotion adjustments in a feedforward manner. Therefore, we concluded that older adults could perform safe motor strategies to minimize the visual obstruction of mask usage and to walk safely on an uneven surface.

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Stability control in older adults with asymmetrical load carrying when stepping down a curb

Silva

Batistela

Gonçalves

et al. 2020

Journal of Biomechanics

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The Critical Point to Step into a Hole is Similar in Young and Older Adults

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Developmental differences across the lifespan in the use of perceptual information to guide action-based decisions

Developmental differences across the lifespan in the use of perceptual information to guide action-based decisions

Efeito da informação visual exproprioceptiva sobre o controle da locomoção ao pisar em um buraco em idosos

Stability control in older adults with asymmetrical load carrying when stepping down a curb

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