Visual Cultures in Science and Technology

Hentschel, Klaus

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198717874.001.0001

Cited by 51 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Scientific illustrations are considered to be theory-laden (for example, Daston & Galison, 2007;Ford, 1993;Hentschel, 2014;Kight, 1985;Rudwik, 1976;Toppwer, 1996). Since an explanation graphic explains the concepts or idea, accessing the knowledge and acquiring a sense for the values of researchers is easier than in a data graphic which is a mechanical visualization of the numerical values.…”

Section: (B) Explanation Graphicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in the graphics of journal articles in the life sciences field: analysis of figures and tables in the journal “Cell”

Ariga

Tashiro

2022

HPLS

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The purpose of this study is to examine how trends in the use of images in modern life science journals have changed since the spread of computer-based visual and imaging technology. To this end, a new classification system was constructed to analyze how the graphics of a scientific journal have changed over the years. The focus was on one international peer-reviewed journal in life sciences, Cell, which was founded in 1974, whereby 1725 figures and 160 tables from the research articles in Cell were sampled. The unit of classification was defined as a graphic and the figures and tables were divided into 5952 graphics. These graphics were further classified into hierarchical categories, and the data in each category were aggregated every five years. The following categories were observed: (1) data graphics, (2) explanation graphics, and (3) hybrid graphics. Data graphics increased by more than sixfold between 1974 and 2014, and some types of data graphics including mechanical reproduction images and bar charts displayed notable changes. The representation of explanatory graphics changed from hand-painted illustrations to diagrams of Bezier-curves. It is suggested that in addition to the development of experimental technologies such as fluorescent microscopy and big data analysis, continuously evolving application software for image creation and researchers’ motivation to convince reviewers and editors have influenced these changes.

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Section: (B) Explanation Graphicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in the graphics of journal articles in the life sciences field: analysis of figures and tables in the journal “Cell”

Ariga

Tashiro

2022

HPLS

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“…This is particularly evident in the high number of charts we found among the samples images. Charts are a staple of scientific communication among peers and actually started to be used to illustrate basic facts in social sciences in the eighteenth century (Hentschell, 2014), In this case, bar charts, column charts, line charts, pie charts, and combinations of them appear in news articles, scientific reports, or press briefings. They are mostly used to illustrate the chronology of the pandemic and its tally in terms of tests, cases, and fatalities; but in the case of Newspaper ES, charts are used also to show the impacts of the pandemic, both on economic indicators (prices, stock value, insurance, international trade, and investments) and social ones (unemployment, youth emancipation rate, and opinion polls).…”

Section: Representing Private Illness and Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Representations of Science in a Pandemic: COVID-19 in Images

Delicado

Rowland

2021

Front. Commun.

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This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the social dimensions of the 2020 pandemic, with a particular emphasis on the visual practices of science communication in times of health emergency, by analyzing how the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is being visually represented. It seeks to identify the format and content of images used to illustrate online information about the pandemic, in particular, from websites of policy institutions, research promoters, and media in Portugal and Spain. By examining a sample containing 600 images, it aims to identify the messages being conveyed and the effects these images intend to provoke and to illuminate the differences in representations among the three sources of communication. Differences and similarities with visual images of previous pandemics (influenza, AIDS) are examined. This article ascertains that policy websites aim to be mostly prescriptive, relying on infographics to convey prevention and care instructions to its audiences. On the other hand, science websites rely mostly on stock photos and images from scientific articles to illustrate current research, while newspaper websites are the most diversified in terms of the images they use and the topics they cover. This study concludes that representations of science are still very much based on stereotypical imagery of labs and white coats, that representations of the medical side of the pandemic are focused on images of intensive care that aim to generate fear and stimulate responsible behavior, and that the social aspects of the pandemic are illustrated by images that focus either on pandemic prevention (e.g., washing hands) or on the impacts of the pandemic itself (e.g., empty streets during lockdown).

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“…Dalam sistem pencarian gambar atau dapat disebut Visual Search Engine (VISE), warga berinteraksi melalui mesin pencari (Google, Yahoo, Pinterest, dan lainnya) yang dibuat oleh perantara antarmuka, seperti konten visual dan gambar untuk mendapatkan informasi tertentu dari gambar yang dicarinya. Semua peristiwa ini membutuhkan dan mengembangkan kemampuan visual, yang mencakup keterampilan khusus dalam memahami dan menggunakan gambar (Elkins, 2010a;Hentschel, 2014;Wilson, 2003). Semua tahapan ini diimplementasikan oleh Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), dan persepsi visual pengguna terjadi di HCI.…”

Section: Visual Search Engineunclassified

Analisis Perilaku Pencarian Informasi Di Internet Melalui Fitur Visual Search

Kristiyono¹,

Nurrosyidah

2021

scriptura

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Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang hasil pemikiran akademik yang mengangkat fenomena media komunikasi budaya visual dalam pencarian informasi di internet. Selama ini banyak penelitian tentang budaya visual lebih memfokuskan pada seni rupa dan media massa, masih sangat jarang yang mengangkat pada permasalahan aktivitas digital masyarakat dalam pencarian informasi visual di Internet (visual search engine – VSE). Jumlah informasi digital meningkat secara eksponensial, termasuk informasi visual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualititatif dengan studi literatur. Terbatasnya literatur yang mengulas tentang pencarian informasi melalui visual search engine memberikan kontribusi akan novelty terkait studi yang mengulas perilaku pengguna dalam melakukan proses pencarian. Data primer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hasil-hasil penelitian tentang budaya visual dan mesin pencarian yang telah dipublikasikan pada jurnal-jurnal internasional berindex reputasi. Pola pencarian search engine secara umum dengan visual search engine memiliki perbedaan yang cukup signifikan, karena perbedaan fitur antara keduanya. Karena terbatasnya kajian terkait dengan perilaku pengguna dalam visual search engine, maka perlu dilakukan pengambilan data secara langsung untuk penelitian ke depan sehingga analisis terkait dengan pengguna visual search engine dapat lebih akurat.

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Visual Cultures in Science and Technology

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Change in the graphics of journal articles in the life sciences field: analysis of figures and tables in the journal “Cell”

Change in the graphics of journal articles in the life sciences field: analysis of figures and tables in the journal “Cell”

Visual Representations of Science in a Pandemic: COVID-19 in Images

Analisis Perilaku Pencarian Informasi Di Internet Melalui Fitur Visual Search

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