Visual control of limb trajectory over obstacles during locomotion: effect of obstacle height and width

Patla, Aftab E.; Rietdyk, Shirley

doi:10.1016/0966-6362(93)90042-y

Cited by 269 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has been shown that almost 50% of falls in community-dwelling older adults occur during destabilizing activities such as stepping over an obstacle and negotiating raised surfaces (Tinetti et al, 1995). Gait challenges such as stepping over an obstacle and negotiating a raised surface are commonly encountered during everyday activities and, compared with level walking, pose a greater threat to stability and place considerably increased demands on the muscular skeletal system (Patla and Rietdyk, 1993). Therefore, when investigating exercise interventions for preventing falls on gait performance, it is necessary to consider changes at obstacle negotiation walk performance.…”

Section: The Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Physical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a 12-week Combined Exercise Intervention Program on Physical Performance and Gait Kinematics in Community-dwelling Elderly Women

Cao

Maeda

Shima

et al. 2007

J Physiol Anthropol

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This study aimed to determine if combined exercise intervention improves physical performance and gait joint-kinematics including the joint angle and dynamic range of motion (ROM) related to the risk of falling in communitydwelling elderly women. A 12-week combined exercise intervention program with extra emphasis on balance, muscle strength, and walking ability was designed to improve physical performance and gait. Twenty participants attended approximately two-hour exercise sessions twice weekly for 12 weeks. Participants underwent a physical performance battery, including static balance, sit and reach, whole body reaction time, 10 m obstacle walk, 10 m maximal walk, 30-second chair stand, to determine a physical performance score, and received quantitative gait kinematics measurements at baseline and in 12 weeks. Significant lower extremity strength improvement 13.5% (pϽ.001) was observed, which was accompanied by significant decreases in time of the 10 m obstacle walk (pϽ.05) and whole body reaction time (pϽ.001) in this study. However, no significant differences were seen for static balance and flexibility from baseline. For gait kinematics, in the midswing phase, knee and hip joint angle changed toward flexion (pϽ.01, pϽ.05, respectively). Ankle dynamic ROM significantly increased (pϽ.05) following exercise intervention. The plantar flexion angle of the ankle in the toeoff phase was increased significantly (pϽ.01). However, other gait parameters were not significantly different from baseline. These findings from the present investigation provide evidence of significant improvements in physical performance related to the risk factors of falling and safe gait strategy with a combined exercise intervention program in communitydwelling elderly women. The results suggest this exercise intervention could be an effective approach to ameliorate the risk factors for falls and to promote safer locomotion in elderly community-dwelling women.

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Section: The Effect Of Exercise Intervention On Physical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a 12-week Combined Exercise Intervention Program on Physical Performance and Gait Kinematics in Community-dwelling Elderly Women

Cao

Maeda

Shima

et al. 2007

J Physiol Anthropol

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“…Compared to locomotion on flat ground, obstacle crossing requires significant adaptations to gait to ensure that foot clearance over the obstacle occurs with sufficient margins of safety [1][2][3][4]. Tripping on obstacles is a key cause of falls in the elderly [5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of tripping and/or the ability to prevent a trip from becoming a fall has been shown to be affected by several factors. These are the speed of the swinging foot [2], response time [7], alterations in stance-limb kinematics and kinetics [8], changes in foot placement distance before and after the obstacle [9], and age and/or the physical competency of the individual [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the research on obstacle crossing has highlighted the importance of swing-limb hip and knee flexion and pelvic obliquity in achieving clearance [2,3,14]. When there is a loss of ankle motion, for example as in the case of trans-tibial amputees, hip-hiking and increased knee flexion are adaptations used to maintain clearance [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the importance of swing phase ankle motion itself in achieving clearance has not been directly researched. Instead it is often simply mentioned that ankle dorsiflexion during swing assists the proximal joints in attaining/increasing clearance [2][3][4]14,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Restricting ankle motion via orthotic bracing reduces toe clearance when walking over obstacles

2016

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We would like to acknowledge Richard Foster for his assistance during data collection and his comments on an early draft of the manuscript. Methods: 12 male able-bodied individuals (ages 18-30) completed obstacle crossing trials while walking on a flat surface. Lead-limb (right) ankle motion was manipulated using a knee-ankle-foot orthosis. Trials were completed with the ankle restricted at a neutral angle or unrestricted (allowing ~ ±15  plantar/dorsiflexion). Findings:Restricted ankle motion caused significant increase in trail-limb foot placement distance before the obstacle (p=0.005); significant decrease in vertical toe clearance (p<0.003), vertical heel clearance (p=0.045) and lead-limb foot placement distance after the obstacle (p=0.045); but no significant changes in knee angle at instant of crossing or in average walking speed. Interpretation:The shifts in foot placements altered the part of swing that the lead-limb was in when the foot crossed the obstacle, which led to a decrease in clearance. These adaptations may have been due to being unable to dorsiflex the ankle to 'lift' the toes in mid-swing or to being unable to plantarflex the ankle during initial contact following crossing, which changed how the lead-limb was to be loaded. These findings suggest individuals using ankle bracing or those with ankle arthrodesis, will have reduced gait safety when negotiating obstacles.

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Perception of risk of tripping under lighting and obstacle conditions

Chen

Zou

et al. 2019

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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A gait experiment was performed to test the effects of obstacle presence on the perception of the risk of tripping. The experimental conditions included lighting condition, obstacle type, color contrast, and obstacle height. Both male and female participants attended this study. The participants reported a perceived risk of tripping (PRT), on a five‐point scale, both before and after a walk. A rating of gait disturbance, also on a five‐point scale, was recorded. The results indicated that lighting condition, obstacle type, color contrast, and obstacle height were all significant on the PRT ratings, both before and after the walk, and on the rating of gait disturbance. The PRTs were positively correlated with the rating of gait disturbance. The possibility of obstacle‐contact, or tripping without falling, in the dimmed condition was 15.5 times of that in the normal lighting condition. A high rating of perceived risk of tripping before a walk was associated with a high gait disturbance score. It, however, did not necessarily lead to the low occurrence of tripping.

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Visual control of limb trajectory over obstacles during locomotion: effect of obstacle height and width

Cited by 269 publications

References 14 publications

The Effect of a 12-week Combined Exercise Intervention Program on Physical Performance and Gait Kinematics in Community-dwelling Elderly Women

The Effect of a 12-week Combined Exercise Intervention Program on Physical Performance and Gait Kinematics in Community-dwelling Elderly Women

Restricting ankle motion via orthotic bracing reduces toe clearance when walking over obstacles

Perception of risk of tripping under lighting and obstacle conditions

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