Visual Changes in Progressive Exophthalmos

Igersheimer, Joseph

doi:10.1001/archopht.1955.00930010096010

Cited by 46 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The reports of Igersheimer, 4 Hedges and Scheie,1 Hender¬ son,6 and Day and Carroll7 indicate that the natural course of dysthyroid optic neuropathy is not entirely benign. In the combined series4*7 of 32 untreated eyes, 21% were left with 20/ 100 acuity or less, including final vision of finger-counting to no light perception in five eyes (Fig 4).…”

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 98%

Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

Trobe¹

1978

Arch Ophthalmol

202

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Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 98%

Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

Trobe¹

1978

Arch Ophthalmol

202

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“…Optic nerve involvement can occur with any degree of exophthalmus (Neigel et al 1988; Cockerham & Kennerdell 1997) and both optic nerves are involved in 65–85% of cases (Trobe 1981; Neigel et al 1988). Visual impairment can be slow (Trobe et al 1978) or rapid (Hedges & Scheie 1955; Henderson 1958) and may lead to permanent damage in up to 20% of cases in the absence of therapy (Hedges & Scheie 1955; Igersheimer 1955; Henderson 1958; Day & Carrol 1962; Trobe 1981). One difficulty in diagnosing optic nerve involvement concerns the variation in clinical appearance.…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmological evaluation in thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

Åsman

2003

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune disorder associated with Graves' disease and can seriously decrease quality of life. Current therapeutic regimens have considerable side-effects and are not always able to restore normal function and appearance. Timing and a proper choice of therapy are critical but require careful patient evaluation. The present paper aims to describe clinical symptoms and signs of TAO and their relevance for management. Results and Conclusions: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy has an initial active inflammatory phase which usually lasts for 6-24 months but which may not infrequently continue for several years. The severity of the subsequent clinical manifestations is determined by the degree of optic nerve involvement, corneal involvement, eye muscle dysfunction and exophthalmus, and also by the degree of subjective illness and disfigurement. Disease severity is the key determinant of indication for therapy, while inflammatory activity is the key determinant of therapeutic choice. Immunosuppressive therapy may be used in the inflammatory stage, while reconstructive surgery should be postponed to the inactive phase. Emergency surgery may be needed for vision-threatening situations during the active stage.

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“…As is well known, these same visual field changes may appear in cases of malignant exophthalmos without glaucoma as a con sequence of the pressure on the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve [24,[28][29][30]. In none of the 4 cases was there the characteristic glauco matous excavation.…”

Section: Percentage Of Glaucoma In Exophthalmic Patientsmentioning

confidence: 80%