Visual attention during seeing for speaking in healthy aging.

Rehrig, Gwendolyn; Hayes, Taylor R.; Henderson, John M.; Ferreira, Fernanda

doi:10.1037/pag0000718

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 60 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…An image of a house with a tree in it could be intended to have the house be the main focus of the image by researchers, but the position of the tree could interfere with this intent. Salience of image components can also be affected by age, as salience of image components is affected by knowledge gained over time ( Rehrig et al, 2023 ), which can result in differing focus on image components between individuals that is influence by age. Interest in components of images can also vary between subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a hippocampal neural prosthetic to facilitate human memory encoding and recall of stimulus features and categories

Roeder,

She,

Dakos

et al. 2024

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

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ObjectiveHere, we demonstrate the first successful use of static neural stimulation patterns for specific information content. These static patterns were derived by a model that was applied to a subject’s own hippocampal spatiotemporal neural codes for memory.ApproachWe constructed a new model of processes by which the hippocampus encodes specific memory items via spatiotemporal firing of neural ensembles that underlie the successful encoding of targeted content into short-term memory. A memory decoding model (MDM) of hippocampal CA3 and CA1 neural firing was computed which derives a stimulation pattern for CA1 and CA3 neurons to be applied during the encoding (sample) phase of a delayed match-to-sample (DMS) human short-term memory task.Main resultsMDM electrical stimulation delivered to the CA1 and CA3 locations in the hippocampus during the sample phase of DMS trials facilitated memory of images from the DMS task during a delayed recognition (DR) task that also included control images that were not from the DMS task. Across all subjects, the stimulated trials exhibited significant changes in performance in 22.4% of patient and category combinations. Changes in performance were a combination of both increased memory performance and decreased memory performance, with increases in performance occurring at almost 2 to 1 relative to decreases in performance. Across patients with impaired memory that received bilateral stimulation, significant changes in over 37.9% of patient and category combinations was seen with the changes in memory performance show a ratio of increased to decreased performance of over 4 to 1. Modification of memory performance was dependent on whether memory function was intact or impaired, and if stimulation was applied bilaterally or unilaterally, with nearly all increase in performance seen in subjects with impaired memory receiving bilateral stimulation.SignificanceThese results demonstrate that memory encoding in patients with impaired memory function can be facilitated for specific memory content, which offers a stimulation method for a future implantable neural prosthetic to improve human memory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a hippocampal neural prosthetic to facilitate human memory encoding and recall of stimulus features and categories

Roeder,

She,

Dakos

et al. 2024

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

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Visual attention during seeing for speaking in healthy aging.

Rehrig¹,

Hayes²,

Henderson³

et al. 2023

Psychology and Aging

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As we age, we accumulate a wealth of information about the surrounding world. Evidence from visual search suggests that older adults retain intact knowledge for where objects tend to occur in everyday environments (semantic information) that allows them to successfully locate objects in scenes, but may overrely on semantic guidance. We investigated age differences in the allocation of attention to semantically informative and visually salient information in a task in which the eye movements of younger (N = 30, aged 18–24) and older (N = 30, aged 66–82) adults were tracked as they described real-world scenes. We measured the semantic information in scenes based on “meaning map” ratings from a norming sample of young and older adults, and image salience as graph-based visual saliency. Logistic mixed-effects modeling was used to determine whether, controlling for center bias, fixated scene locations differed in semantic informativeness and visual salience from locations that were not fixated, and whether these effects differed for young and older adults. Semantic informativeness predicted fixated locations well overall, as did image salience, although unique variance in the model was better explained by semantic informativeness than image salience. Older adults were less likely to fixate informative locations in scenes than young adults were, though the locations older adults’ fixated were independently predicted well by informativeness. These results suggest young and older adults both use semantic information to guide attention in scenes and that older adults do not overrely on semantic information across the board.

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