Visual Apparent Movement: Transformations of Size and Orientation

Bundesen, Claus; Larsen, Axel; Farrell, Joyce E.

doi:10.1068/p120549

Cited by 66 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…2 The results of Bundesen et al (1981) confirmed the prediction of additivity for rotations in the picture plane, and also for combinations of rotations and size scalings, providing evidence for analogue rotation and scaling processes in object recognition. The importance of these findings is increased by the fact that sequential additivity for rotations could be demonstrated even though the RT function was nonlinear.…”

Section: Analogue Transformation Processes In Mental Imagery and In Omentioning

confidence: 56%

“…According to TFR, both mental imagery and object recognition rely on time-consuming and error-prone transformation processes in order to achieve an alignment of two representations, which results in a systematic dependency of performance on the amount of transformation. In addition, transformation processes in imagery and recognition seem to be analogue processes (Bundesen et al, 1981;Cooper, 1976;Kourtzi & Shiffrar, 2001). …”

Section: The Relation Between Object Recognition and Mental Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coordinate transformations in object recognition.

Graf¹

2006

Psychological Bulletin

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A basic problem of visual perception is how human beings recognize objects after spatial transformations. Three central classes of findings have to be accounted for: (a) Recognition performance varies systematically with orientation, size, and position; (b) recognition latencies are sequentially additive, suggesting analogue transformation processes; and (c) orientation and size congruency effects indicate that recognition involves the adjustment of a reference frame. All 3 classes of findings can be explained by a transformational framework of recognition: Recognition is achieved by an analogue transformation of a perceptual coordinate system that aligns memory and input representations. Coordinate transformations can be implemented neurocomputationally by gain (amplitude) modulation and may be regarded as a general processing principle of the visual cortex.Keywords: alignment, coordinate transformations, gain modulation, object recognition, reference frames How can we recognize objects regardless of spatial transformations such as plane and depth rotation, size scaling, and position changes? This ability is often discussed under the label object constancy or shape constancy. Even young children recognize objects so immediately and effortlessly that it seems to be a rather ordinary and simple task. However, changes in the spatial relation between observer and object lead to large changes of the image that is projected onto the retina. Hence, to recognize objects regardless of orientation, size, and position is not a trivial problem. No computational system proposed so far can successfully recognize objects over wide ranges of object categories and contexts.Several different approaches have been proposed over the years (for reviews, see Palmeri & Gauthier, 2004;Ullman, 1996). A number of models rely on abstract object representations, which predict that recognition performance is typically invariant regarding spatial transformations (e.g., structural description models; see Hummel & Biederman, 1992;Marr & Nishihara, 1978). In contrast, image-based or view-based models propose that object representations are close to the format of the perceptual input and therefore depend systematically on image transformations (e.g.,

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Section: Analogue Transformation Processes In Mental Imagery and In Omentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: The Relation Between Object Recognition and Mental Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinate transformations in object recognition.

Graf¹

2006

Psychological Bulletin

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“…In 1991, a new type of motion illusion was discovered that seemed difficult to explain using standard models of motion processing (Hikosaka, Miyauchi,& Shimojo, 1991, 1993a, 1993b; for partial precedents, however, see Bundesen, Larsen, & Farrell, 1983, Farrell & Shepard, 1981, Hartmann, 1923, Kanizsa, 1951, Kenkel, 1913, Kolers & Pomerantz, 1971, Orlansky, 1940, and Shepard, 1984. Several investigators examined simple two image motion sequences in which one shape was replaced all at once by another one that overlapped the first.…”

Section: The Duration Of 3-d Form Analysis In Transformational Apparementioning

confidence: 99%

The duration of 3-D form analysis in transformational apparent motion

Tse

Logothetis

2002

Perception & Psychophysics

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Transformational apparent motion (TAM) occurs when a figure changes discretely from one configuration to another overlapping configuration. Rather than an abrupt shape change, the initial shape is perceived to transform smoothly into the final shape as if animated by a series of intermediate shapes. We find that TAM follows an analysis of form that takes 80-140 msec. Form analysis can function both at and away from equiluminance and can occur over contours defined by uniform regions as well as outlines. Moreover, the forms analyzed can be 3-D, resulting in motion paths that appear to smoothly project out from or into the stimulus plane. The perceived transformation is generally the one that involves the least change in the shape or location of the initial figure in a 3-D sense. We conclude that perception of TAM follows an analysis of 3-D form that takes ≈100msec. This stage of form analysis may be common to both TAM and second-order motion

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“…The observer in these cases sees an object changing color midway between the endpoints of its trajectory, or a smoothly changing shape. This filling-in process is known as impletion (see,e.g., Bundesen, Larsen, & Farrell, 1983;Farrell & Shepard, 1981; chapter 6 of Kanizsa, 1979;Orlansky, 1940;Shepard, 1984). One can argue that impletion reflects an implicit inference made by the visual system, which interprets ambiguous stimuli in terms of the most likely real-world state of affairs.…”

Section: Princeton Universitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The line–motion illusion: Attention or impletion?

Downing¹,

Treisman²

1997

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

144

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When a brief lateral cue precedes an instantaneously presented horizontal line, observers report a sensation of motion in the line propagating from the cued end toward the uncued end. This illusion has been described as a measure of the facilitatory effects of a visual attention gradient (O. Hikosaka, S. Miyauchi, & S. Shimqjo, 1993a). Evidence in the present study favors, instead, an account in which the illusion is the result of an impletion process that fills in interpolated events after the cue and the line are linked as successive states of a single object in apparent motion.Over the past 20 years or so, a large body of research has provided a picture of visual attention as a flexible, mobile source of processing facilitation that can be directed intentionally or summoned involuntarily by stimuli in the environment (Nakayama & Mackeben, 1989;Posner, 1980;Yantis & Jonides, 1984). One characteristic typically attributed to attention is its acceleration of the processing of visual stimuli. For example, in the paradigm developed by Posner (1980), participants make a speeded response to a target that can appear either to the left or to the right of fixation. When the target location is precued by a brief flash, participants are faster to respond than when the precue gives no advance information about the target location, even though fixation remains central. When the target occurs in the noncued location, responses are slowed. The difference in performance between these two conditions has been taken as a measure of the effects (both costs and benefits) of focal visual attention. Laberge (1983) found evidence for a gradient of attention, with the degree of facilitation decreasing as a function of distance from the center of the attended area.Recently, another phenomenon has been proposed to demonstrate the facilitatory effects of attention (Hikosaka,

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Visual Apparent Movement: Transformations of Size and Orientation

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

Coordinate transformations in object recognition.

Coordinate transformations in object recognition.

The duration of 3-D form analysis in transformational apparent motion

The line–motion illusion: Attention or impletion?

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