Viskositätsmessungen an mikrogelhaltigen Butadien‐Acrylnitril‐Copolymerlösungen

Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer networks that are able to swell and retain large amounts of water and maintain three‐dimensional swollen structures. These hydrogels do not dissolve in water. Common monomers and polymerization methods are discussed, specially for poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(acrylic/methacrylic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene glycol), poly(acrylamide), poly( n ‐vinyl 2‐pyrrolidone), and polyurethane hydrogels. In addition, the synthesis and the mechanism of biodegradable hydrogels are discussed. Responsive hydrogels can reversibly change volume in response to slight changes in the properties of the medium including pH, temperature, electric field, ionic strength, salt type, solvent, external stress, or light. Responsive hydrogels are finding new applications because of their interesting properties. Microgels are cross‐linked latex microparticles, that are swollen by a good solvent and have globular structure. Due to their compact structure, the intrinsic viscosities of these microgels are much lower than those of corresponding linear or branched polymers. Hydrogels are applied in molecular separation based on size exclusion, protein isolation by conjugating, in drug delivery, as artificial organs, in tissue engineering, in would dressings, for fire protection, and as a superabsorbent material in diapers, water‐sealing construction materials, and water retention in agricultural applications. Most hydrogel are highly biocompatible and have extremely low toxicity to the human body, eg, hydrogel products such as contact lenses and surgical dressings are being used successfully.

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Hydrogels

Cai

Gupta

2002

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Hydrogels

Cai¹,

Gupta²,

Staff³

2012

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer networks that are able to swell and retain large amounts of water and maintain three‐dimensional swollen structures. These hydrogels do not dissolve in water. Common monomers and polymerization methods are discussed as well as synthesis and mechanism of biodegradable hydrogels. Responsive hydrogels can reversibly change volume in response to slight changes in the properties of the medium including pH, temperature, electric field, ionic strength, salt type, solvent, external stress or light. Microgels are cross‐linked microparticles that are swollen by a good solvent and have globular structure. Due to their compact structure the intrinsic viscosities of these microgels are much lower than those of the corresponding liner or branched polymers. Hydrogels are used in molecular separation based on size exclusion, protein isolation by conjugating, in drug delivery, as artificial organs, in tissue engineering, in wound dressings, as fire protection, as superabsorbent material in diapers, water sealing, agricultural applications, and in cosmetics products. For cosmetics, hydrogels provide emulsion stability and conditioning, and therapeutics agents can be added to the hydrogel.

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Viskositätsmessungen an mikrogelhaltigen Butadien‐Acrylnitril‐Copolymerlösungen

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