Hydrogels

Cai, Wensheng; Gupta, Ram B.; Staff, Updated by

doi:10.1002/0471238961.0825041807211620.a01.pub2

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Biopolymers of a natural origin include hyaluronic acid [ 150 , 187 , 188 ], chitosan [ 150 , 187 , 189 ], alginate [ 150 , 168 , 190 ], agarose [ 150 , 191 ], gelatine [ 150 , 192 ], collagen [ 150 , 193 , 194 ], heparin [ 195 , 196 ], fibrin [ 197 , 198 ], etc. The group of synthetic polymers includes polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, acrylate polymers, and their copolymers [ 150 , 199 ], as well as polyurethanes, poly(propylene fumarates), polyphosphazenes, polyethylene glycols, and others [ 152 ].…”

Section: 3d Tissue Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Bioprinting of Hyaline Articular Cartilage: Biopolymers, Hydrogels, and Bioinks

Volova,

Kotelnikov,

Shishkovsky

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The musculoskeletal system, consisting of bones and cartilage of various types, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, is the basis of the human body. However, many pathological conditions caused by aging, lifestyle, disease, or trauma can damage its elements and lead to severe disfunction and significant worsening in the quality of life. Due to its structure and function, articular (hyaline) cartilage is the most susceptible to damage. Articular cartilage is a non-vascular tissue with constrained self-regeneration capabilities. Additionally, treatment methods, which have proven efficacy in stopping its degradation and promoting regeneration, still do not exist. Conservative treatment and physical therapy only relieve the symptoms associated with cartilage destruction, and traditional surgical interventions to repair defects or endoprosthetics are not without serious drawbacks. Thus, articular cartilage damage remains an urgent and actual problem requiring the development of new treatment approaches. The emergence of biofabrication technologies, including three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, at the end of the 20th century, allowed reconstructive interventions to get a second wind. Three-dimensional bioprinting creates volume constraints that mimic the structure and function of natural tissue due to the combinations of biomaterials, living cells, and signal molecules to create. In our case—hyaline cartilage. Several approaches to articular cartilage biofabrication have been developed to date, including the promising technology of 3D bioprinting. This review represents the main achievements of such research direction and describes the technological processes and the necessary biomaterials, cell cultures, and signal molecules. Special attention is given to the basic materials for 3D bioprinting—hydrogels and bioinks, as well as the biopolymers underlying the indicated products.

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Section: 3d Tissue Bioprintingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Bioprinting of Hyaline Articular Cartilage: Biopolymers, Hydrogels, and Bioinks

Volova,

Kotelnikov,

Shishkovsky

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Hydrogels are also good candidates for cosmetic use as they impart emulsion stability and conditioning [135]. They are useful as carriers for cosmetic agents in delivery and protection purposes as they liquefy at body temperature [136].…”

Section: Cosmetologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels; A Novel Drug Delivery System

Khan

2021

BJSTR

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Hydrogels are water-swollen networks, which are cross-linked structures consisting of hydrophilic polymers. They are made three-dimensional by the creation of the crosslinks by joining them through covalent or ionic bonds. Hydrogels have been used in various areas including industry and medicine due to their excellent characteristics such as high swelling capacity, high content of water, compatibility with other biological molecules, controlled chemical and physical properties, high mechanical integrity and biodegradability. They have been the center of attention of researchers from the past 50 years because of their promising applications in industries and other areas. They are used in different fields, in medicine, in the diagnosis of the diseases, in culturing of cells, in injuries as wound healers, in cosmetics, in skin diseases like pruritis, in environmental pollution reduction and other miscellaneous applications such as in diapers for babies and sanitary products. Extensive literature can be found on the subject of hydrogels. The present review discusses the history, description of hydrogels, basic properties, classification, different techniques or methods of hydrogel synthesis and the areas in which hydrogels find applications.

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“…Hydrophilicity can be enhanced by the incorporation of ionizable functional groups such as carboxyl groups. Acrylic acid is often a monomer employed in the fabrication of pH-sensitive hydrogels due to their pH-sensitive COOH group (Cai and Gupta, 2002). In general, the degree of swelling depends mainly on the monomer charge in the polymer network, the degree of crosslinking and the pH and the ionic strength of the medium.…”

Section: Water Content Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%