Visible light. Part II: Photoprotection against visible and ultraviolet light

Geisler, Amaris; Austin, Evan; Nguyen, Julie; Hamzavi, Iltefat; Jagdeo, Jared; Lim, Henry W.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.11.074

Cited by 58 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…21 d Among filters approved by the FDA, zinc oxide and avobenzone absorb in the longwave UVA spectrum; unfortunately, avobenzone is not photostable. d While other photostable broad-spectrum UV filters are available in many parts of the world, these are not currently approved in the United States 22.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoprotection for skin of all color: Consensus and clinical guidance from an expert panel

Taylor

Lim

Alexis

et al. 2022

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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The negative effects of sun exposure have become better accepted among health care professionals and the lay public over recent decades. Most attention has been focused on the effects of UV light, particularly UVB wavelengths (290-320 nm). Accordingly, products to protect skin from sunlight-associated harm (sunscreens) have been developed to minimize UVB exposure. The effects of longer wavelengths, including UVA (320-400 nm) and visible light (VL, 400-700 nm), are increasingly appreciated. VL accounts for approximately half of the solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface and understanding of its effects on the skin is improving. Studies have shown that VL can induce hyperpigmentation in individuals with dark skin types (Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI). In addition, VL can contribute to the exacerbation of pigmentary disorders, including melasma. Because these findings are relatively new, there are gaps in understanding the needs for photoprotection and guidance for clinicians. A panel of dermatologists and photobiologists was convened to develop consensus recommendations and clinical guidance about sunscreen use relevant to the current understanding of risks associated with sun exposure using a modified Delphi method.

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confidence: 99%

Photoprotection for skin of all color: Consensus and clinical guidance from an expert panel

Taylor

Lim

Alexis

et al. 2022

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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“…Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide can protect against VL but only when they are pigmentary grade and not micronized. Tinted sunscreens incorporate combinations of iron oxides and pigmentary titanium dioxide to offer VL protection and utilize the different colors of iron oxides and pigmentary titanium dioxide to improve color match on people of all Fitzpatrick skin types [34,35]. It should be noted that iron oxides are not considered to be UV filters so are listed under "inactive ingredients" on sunscreen product packages, whereas pigmentary-grade titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are FDA-approved inorganic filters.…”

Section: Role Of Sunscreens In Photoagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunscreens and Photoaging: A Review of Current Literature

2021

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Sunscreens have been on the market for many decades as a means of protection against ultraviolet-induced erythema. Over the years, evidence has also shown their efficacy in the prevention of photoaging, dyspigmentation, DNA damage, and photocarcinogenesis. In the USA, most broad-spectrum sunscreens provide protection against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and short-wavelength ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. Evidence suggests that visible light and infrared light may play a role in photoaging and should be considered when choosing a sunscreen. Currently, there is a paucity of US FDA-approved filters that provide protection against long UVA (> 370 nm) and none against visible light. Additionally, various sunscreen additives such as antioxidants and photolyases have also been reported to protect against and possibly reverse signs of photoaging. This literature review evaluates the utility of sunscreen in protecting against photoaging and further explores the requirements for an ideal sunscreen.

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“…Differences in tanning response among skin types may arise from the degree of melanin redistribution from basal to upper layers of the epidermis following UV exposure [ 26 ], as well as differences in levels of protease-activated receptor 2, which mediates the uptake of melanosomes by keratinocytes in a UV-inducible manner [ 33 , 34 ]. In addition to UV radiation, melanin can also play a role in visible light (400–700 nm) exposure, which has received increased study in recent years for its ability to independently induce skin erythema and hyperpigmentation [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Pigmentation and Pigmentary Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The practice of photoprotection methods such as sun avoidance and sunscreen use are essential to prevent the development and worsening of PIH and melasma [ 37 , 38 ]. Besides UV radiation, visible light has also been found to exacerbate PIH and melasma, which may be mitigated by using sunscreens containing non-micronized inorganic filters (e.g., titanium dioxide, zinc oxide) or tinted sunscreens that combine iron oxide or titanium dioxide pigments with inorganic UV filters [ 36 , 44 ]. The practice of sun protection in individuals with SOC may also modulate two other long-term effects of UV and visible light exposure, namely photoaging and photocarcinogenesis.…”

Section: Pigmentation and Pigmentary Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoprotection for Skin of Color

Tsai

Chien

2022

Am J Clin Dermatol

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Photoprotection behaviors can mitigate skin damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, and common methods include seeking shade, avoiding sun exposure during peak daylight hours, wearing sun-protective clothing, applying sunscreen, and using sunglasses. While the role of sun protection in preventing sunburns, photoaging, and skin cancer is well established in fair-skinned populations, individuals with skin of color (SOC) are presumed to suffer fewer negative effects from solar radiation. Thus, the importance of photoprotection in this population is understudied and may be underestimated. In SOC populations, sun exposure is known to cause pigmentary disorders, photoaging, and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), highlighting the potential benefits of photoprotection. Although SOC populations tend to practice photoprotection by seeking shade and wearing sun-protective clothing, survey and interview-based studies have consistently found relatively low use of sunscreen among these populations. Common motivators for photoprotection in individuals with SOC include preventing sunburn and pigmentation, with the prevention of skin cancer being a less important reason. As a skin cancer risk behavior, indoor tanning is relatively rare in SOC populations, but its use may increase with acculturation to US norms. While more studies are necessary to clarify whether photoprotection behaviors may decrease skin cancer-related mortality in SOC populations, regular dermatologic care and counseling on photoprotection remain essential in patients with SOC for overall skin health.

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Visible light. Part II: Photoprotection against visible and ultraviolet light

Cited by 58 publications

References 146 publications

Photoprotection for skin of all color: Consensus and clinical guidance from an expert panel

Photoprotection for skin of all color: Consensus and clinical guidance from an expert panel

Sunscreens and Photoaging: A Review of Current Literature

Photoprotection for Skin of Color

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