Visible light induced changes in the immune response through an eye-brain mechanism (photoneuroimmunology)

Roberts, Joan E.

doi:10.1016/1011-1344(95)07156-v

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The present data support the classical view that stress can affect the immunological response both in invertebrates and vertebrates (3,10,16). Stress can increase or decrease the immunological ability depending on the time of stimulation and on the species, although in general it causes immunosuppression.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Changes in the behavioral and immunological parameters of the mollusk Biomphalaria tenagophila induced by disruption of the circadian cycle as a consequence of continuous illumination

Waissel

Mineo

Natal

1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Changes in the behavioral and immunological parameters of the mollusk Biomphalaria tenagophila induced by disruption of the circadian cycle as a consequence of continuous illumination AbstractIn the present investigation we studied some behavioral and immunological parameters of adult gastropod mollusk, Biomphalaria tenagophila, which have been reproducing for several generations under laboratory conditions. One group of gastropods was kept on a 14-h light/10-h dark cycle, corresponding to a regular circadian cycle, and another group was exposed to continuous light for 48 h. Animals were studied along (behavioral groups) or immediately after (immunological groups) 48 h of regular circadian cycle or continuous light conditions. Stopping/floating, dragging and sliding were the behavioral aspects considered (N = 20 for regular cycle; N = 20 for continuous illumination) and number of hemocytes/µl hemolymph was the immunological parameter studied (N = 15 for regular cycle, N = 14 for continuous illumination). Animals under continuous illumination were more active (sliding = 33 episodes, dragging = 48 episodes) and displayed a lower number of hemocytes (78.0 ± 24.27/µl) when compared with mollusks kept on a regular circadian cycle (sliding = 18 episodes, dragging = 27 episodes; hemocytes = 157.6 ± 53.27/µl). The data are discussed in terms of neural circuits and neuroimmunological relations with the possible stressful effect of continuous illumination. The concept of bi-directional communication between the neuroendocrine and immunological systems is increasingly accepted (1,2). This concept rests on the results of studies of the effect of various stress conditions on the immunological system and of the presence of hormonal characteristics of the response to stress in cells of the immunological system.Stress can be seen as the most important and complex body reaction to ensure survival (3). The large amount of information accumulated about stress and the immunological system results almost exclusively from studies on mammals. In particular, the relationship between the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis and the immunological system has been intensely investigated (4). Among mammals, mice have been the animals most frequently investigated in neuroimmunology laboratories. On the basis of the results obtained with these rodents, knowledge has

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confidence: 89%

Changes in the behavioral and immunological parameters of the mollusk Biomphalaria tenagophila induced by disruption of the circadian cycle as a consequence of continuous illumination

Waissel

Mineo

Natal

1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Suppression of immune functions can occur through an eye-brain-mediated response (Denis et al, 1993;Jankovic, 1994;Moore & Klein, 1974;Roberts, 1995), so one explanation for this result would be that sunglasses decrease the amount of UV light reaching the eyes and therefore the pineal gland. This would result in an upregulation of melatonin and thus reduce any immune suppression caused by UV radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomavirus type spectrum in normal skin of individuals with or without a history of frequent sun exposure

Chen

McMillan

Antonsson

2008

Journal of General Virology

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Cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) has been widely detected in healthy skin. Previous studies have found that UV radiation can activate several HPV types, and a possible role for cutaneous HPV in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer has been suggested. This study investigated the prevalence and type-spectrum of cutaneous HPV in relation to UV radiation by studying forehead skin swab samples from 50 healthy males frequently exposed to the sun and 50 healthy males who were not frequently exposed to the sun. A questionnaire including ethnic background of the participants, history of cancers and a self-assessment of sun-exposure was also conducted and analysed. PCR with the FAP primer pair was carried out to detect HPV DNA in samples. HPV prevalence was higher in individuals who spent more time outdoors and in individuals with a history of skin cancers (P50.044 and P50.04, respectively). Furthermore, individuals wearing sunglasses as a means of sun protection had a lower prevalence of HPV (P50.018). Interestingly, HPV-76 was only detected in the group without frequent sun-exposure (P50.001). These results suggest that increased UV radiation exposure may be a factor leading to a difference in prevalence of cutaneous HPV types. INTRODUCTIONHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect cutaneous and mucosal epithelia and are recognized as the causative agents of warts. It has recently become apparent that clinically normal skin harbours many different HPV types, and many of these HPV types have not been described previously (Antonsson et al., 2000(Antonsson et al., , 2003a Astori et al., 1998). Furthermore, it has been shown that asymptomatic HPV infections are acquired very early in infancy with a broad spectrum of HPV types (Antonsson et al., 2003b), and that the prevalence of HPV DNA in healthy skin increases with age (Antonsson et al., 2000). Moreover, cutaneous HPV infections on healthy skin have often been found to persist over time (Hazard et al., 2006). Many studies have also suggested a role for HPV in the carcinogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can metastasize, and is known as the unfavourable form of NMSC compared with basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Interestingly, BCCs are found approximately three times more frequently in immunocompetent individuals; however, in immunosuppressed organ-transplant recipients, SCCs are more prevalent (Pfister, 2003). It has been reported that more HPV types have been found in actinic keratosis and SCC skin lesions than in normal skin (Alotaibi et al., 2006), and a greater variety of HPV types have also been found in immunosuppressed individuals than in immunocompetent individuals (Harwood et al., 2004). Both SCC and BCC develop mostly on sun-exposed sites (Frost & Green, 1994), and some specific types of HPV, including HPV-5, HPV-8, HPV-20 and HPV-77, have been shown to be activated by UV radiation (Akgül et al., 2005;Massimi et al., 2008;Michel et al., 2006;Purdie et al., 1999;Storey et al., 1998). Evidence of UV-induced E6/E7 oncogenici...

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“…Remarkably, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the circadian rhythm generator, GABA A responses switch polarity between day and night, presumably because of oscillations in [Cl] in (De Jeu and Pennartz, 2002). Retinal GABA levels increase with light activation (Roberts, 1995), and GABA acts as a self-limiting factor for its polarity switch during development (Ganguly et al, 2001). Therefore, perhaps visual experience increases GABA levels in the retina, thereby promoting the switch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Modulation of Retinal Wave Dynamics: Shedding Light on the GABA Saga

2003

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Embryonic spontaneous activity, in the form of propagating waves, is crucial for refining visual connections. To study what aspects of this correlated activity are instructive, we must first understand how their dynamics change with development and what factors trigger their disappearance after birth. Here we report that in the turtle retina, GABA, rather than glutamate and acetylcholine, influences developmental changes in wave dynamics. Using calcium imaging of the ganglion cell layer, we report how waves switch from fast and broad, when they emerge, to slow and narrow a few days before hatching, coinciding with the emergence of excitatory GABA A receptor-mediated activity. Around hatching, waves gradually become stationary patches, whereas GABA A shifts from excitatory to inhibitory, coinciding with the upregulation of the cotransporter KCC2, suggesting that changes in intracellular chloride underlie the shift. Dark-rearing from hatching causes correlated spontaneous activity to persist, whereas GABA A responses remain excitatory, and KCC2 expression is weaker. We conclude that GABA plays an important regulatory role during the maturation of retinal neural activity. Using a simple and elegant mechanism, namely the switch from excitatory to inhibitory, GABA A receptor-mediated activity is necessary and sufficient to cause retinal waves to stop propagating, ultimately leading to the disappearance of correlated spontaneous activity. Moreover, our results suggest that visual experience modulates the GABAergic switch.

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Visible light induced changes in the immune response through an eye-brain mechanism (photoneuroimmunology)

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in the behavioral and immunological parameters of the mollusk Biomphalaria tenagophila induced by disruption of the circadian cycle as a consequence of continuous illumination

Changes in the behavioral and immunological parameters of the mollusk Biomphalaria tenagophila induced by disruption of the circadian cycle as a consequence of continuous illumination

Human papillomavirus type spectrum in normal skin of individuals with or without a history of frequent sun exposure

Developmental Modulation of Retinal Wave Dynamics: Shedding Light on the GABA Saga

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