Viscosity regulates apolipoprotein A-1 gene expression in experimental models of secondary hyperlipidemia and in cultured hepatocytes

Association of the ε2 Allele of Apoe Gene to Hypertriglyceridemia and to Early‐Onset Alcoholic Cirrhosis

“…Large amounts of alcohol appear to induce acute liver damage which has been shown in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic alcoholic patients. Hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of HDL have been previously detected in AC patients (Bastidas‐Ramirez et al., 2002; Nuño et al., 1997; Nuño‐Gonzalez et al., 2005) as well as at the experimental level in rats with acute liver damage (Panduro et al., 1990,1993). However, dyslipidemia associated to a primary genetic alteration in cirrhotic patients had not been considered previously.…”

3D culture of bovine articular chondrocytes in viscous medium encapsulated in agarose hydrogels for investigation of viscosity influence on cell functions

“…Several early studies using two-dimensional (2D) culture methods have reported that changes in cell culture medium viscosity can affect the synthesis and secretion of the very low density lipoproteins in hepatocytes, 14 the activity of phospholipase A 2 in plasma membrane, 15 the expression of the apo A-1 gene and the degradation of cell gangliosides. 16,17 Increased medium viscosity decreases the neuron branches of cultured retinal neurons. 18 Erythrocytes cultured in increased viscosity show diminished cell membrane fluctuations.…”