Viscosity of liquid alloys: generalization of Andrade’s equation

Singh, Ranjit; Sommer, F.

doi:10.1007/s00706-012-0728-2

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Still, the liquid metals highlighted here are considered to possess a low viscosity and will readily flow (bulk phase) under the assumption that oxygen is excluded. Notably, the viscosity of liquid alloys can be calculated with good confidence by a generalized Andrade equation . The excellent fluidity of the liquid metals (EGaIn and Galinstan) in combination with its thermal and electrical conductivity is one driving force for its employment in thermal management devices, flexible electronics, and e-skins.…”

Section: Viscoelastic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

2021

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Gallium-based liquid metals have gained plenty of attention in the scientific community due to their extraordinary properties. The most intriguing properties of liquid metals are high surface tension, density anomaly, high electrical and thermal conductivity, phase transition, and their temperature and low viscosity in combination with their low toxicity. Though there are many reports of the physical properties of gallium-based liquid metals, some of these are highly scattered and inconsistent. Therefore, we compile literature data of these aspects of gallium-based liquid metals, point out general relationships of these physical parameters, and unravel inconsistencies in the literature. Subsequently, we state reasons for the observed scatter and recommend science-based values researchers should employ. Furthermore, we discuss important dependencies between the physical parameters, introduce methods to alter the physical parameters, and introduce selected applications based on changing the physical properties. Finally, we point out open questions concerned with the physical parameters of liquid metals, which should be investigated in the future.

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Section: Viscoelastic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

2021

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“…Singh and Sommer [ 35 ] described the viscosity of liquid metals and metal alloys using the Andrade equation [ 23 ]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity of liquid Co–Sn alloys: thermodynamic evaluation and experiment

Yakymovych

Plevachuk

Mudry

et al. 2014

Physics and Chemistry of Liquids

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Shear viscosity measurements were performed for liquid Co–Sn alloys over a wide temperature range above the respective liquidus temperatures. A high temperature oscillating-cup viscometer was used. It was found experimentally that viscosity as a function of temperature obeys an Arrhenius law. The data were compared with calculated values, obtained from different thermodynamic approaches. A good agreement was found between experimental results and calculated ones by the Budai–Benkö–Kaptay model.

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“…It has been successfully used to explain the viscosity of several systems. Singh and Sommer [ 33 ] incorporated Andrade's equation [ 34 ] to describe the viscosity of liquid metals and alloys. The Andrade equation is based on quasi-crystallization theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of surface tension and viscosity of Cu–Fe–Si ternary alloy using a thermodynamic approach

Mehta

Yadav

Koirala³

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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The surface tension and viscosity of Cu–Fe–Si ternary alloys were computed at different temperatures using thermodynamic approaches. The thermodynamic data of the alloy were optimized in the framework of the Redlich-Kister (R–K) polynomials and exponential temperature dependent coefficients of the R–K polynomial were obtained. These coefficients were used to compute the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing of the alloy and the partial excess free energy of the components. The partial excess free energy so obtained was used to compute the surface tension of the ternary Cu–Fe–Si alloy system and its binary sub-systems. The enthalpy of mixing was also optimized and it was used to compute the viscosity of the sub-binary and ternary alloys.

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Viscosity of liquid alloys: generalization of Andrade’s equation

Cited by 19 publications

References 32 publications

Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

Viscosity of liquid Co–Sn alloys: thermodynamic evaluation and experiment

Study of surface tension and viscosity of Cu–Fe–Si ternary alloy using a thermodynamic approach

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