Viscosity of Ga-rich alloys in the Ga-In-Sn system

Филиппов, В. В.; Belozerova, A. A.; Shunyaev, K. Yu.; Гельчинский, Б. Р.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.03.107

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similar dynamic viscosities were also found for In (1.69 cP), EGaIn (1.99–2.5 cP, calculated, 1.69 cP), and Galinstan (1.89–2.40 cP). , Fitting to the value via viscosimetry, shear rheological experiments with a Searle-type rheometer in an argon atmosphere and overcoated with hydrochloric acid yielded a viscosity of around 2 cP . Interestingly, the addition of more In to the Ga–In alloy leads to monotonically increasing viscosity. − Based on the good agreement between rheology and viscosimetry, we advise employing a value of around 2 cP for the viscosity of Galinstan and a slightly higher value of approximately 2.5 cP for EGaIn. An overview of the viscosities is given in Table .…”

Section: Viscoelastic Propertiessupporting

confidence: 63%

Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

2021

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Gallium-based liquid metals have gained plenty of attention in the scientific community due to their extraordinary properties. The most intriguing properties of liquid metals are high surface tension, density anomaly, high electrical and thermal conductivity, phase transition, and their temperature and low viscosity in combination with their low toxicity. Though there are many reports of the physical properties of gallium-based liquid metals, some of these are highly scattered and inconsistent. Therefore, we compile literature data of these aspects of gallium-based liquid metals, point out general relationships of these physical parameters, and unravel inconsistencies in the literature. Subsequently, we state reasons for the observed scatter and recommend science-based values researchers should employ. Furthermore, we discuss important dependencies between the physical parameters, introduce methods to alter the physical parameters, and introduce selected applications based on changing the physical properties. Finally, we point out open questions concerned with the physical parameters of liquid metals, which should be investigated in the future.

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Section: Viscoelastic Propertiessupporting

confidence: 63%

Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

2021

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“…However, GLMs are encumbered with several problems. Rapid surface oxidation due to the presence of oxygen alters wetting and adhesion of the GLMs, rendering high-resolution patterning challenging due to adhesion of the oxide skin, and alters the physical properties of the GLMs substantially, rendering measurement of the surface tension and viscosity of the GLMs challenging (i.e., yield stress of the surface). , In the (soft) electronics setting, more importantly, attention has to be devoted to the interfacing of the GLMs with solid metals. The corrosive nature of GLMs toward diverse solid metals, such as Cu, Ni, Al, and Ag, may lead to circuit failure or altered electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties (i.e., liquid metal embrittlement), which is often related to an alloying mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion-Resistant Functional Diamond Coatings for Reliable Interfacing of Liquid Metals with Solid Metals

Handschuh‐Wang

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Gallium-based liquid metals (GLMs) exist as atypical liquid-phase metals at and near room temperature while being electrically and thermally conductive, enabling copious applications in soft electronics and thermal management systems. Yet, solid metals are affected by interfacing with GLMs, resulting in liquid metal embrittlement and device failure. To avert this issue, mechanically durable and electrically tunable diffusion barriers for long-term reliable liquid metal−solid metal interfacing based on the deposition of various diamond coatings are designed and synthesized, as they feature high chemical inertness and extraordinary mechanical resistance. The diamond coatings show superlyophobicity (GLM contact angle ≥ 155°) and are nonstick toward GLMs, thereby achieving high mobility of GLM droplets (sliding angle 8−12°). The excellent barrier and anti-adhesion performance of the diamond coatings are proven in long-term experiments (3 weeks) of coated titanium alloy (Ti) samples in contact with GLMs. The electrical performance of the conductive diamond coating deposited on Ti is reliable and stable over a period of 50 h. As proof-of-concept applications a switch and a thermal management device based on liquid metals are demonstrated, signifying that coating diamond films on metals is a potent means to achieve stable integration of solid metals with GLMs.

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“…According to the Technical Guidance Document, 15 the initial rapid formation of monomolecular layer is succeeded by a gradual development of a multilayer. Experimental research has shown that ODA was also adsorbed on iron powder to the extent of 70%-80%, of which 90% was adsorbed within 10 min, and an adsorption equilibrium was reached within 6 h. 37 Due to the long hydrophobic radical carbon chain, ODA (and other FFA) exhibits a relatively poor solubility in water, even at the high temperatures at which it is present in colloidal form, 37 and can thus be applied in the form of an emulsion. Poor solubility can be ascribed to the fact that the attractive forces between the molecules of the solvent (water) are always stronger than those between the molecules of the solvent and the non-polar hydrocarbon chain.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Properties Of Ffamentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal stability of film forming amines‐based corrosion inhibitors in high temperature power plant water solutions

Vidojkovic,

Mijajlovic,

Lindeboom

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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Film forming amines (FFA) are corrosion inhibitors added to power plant water. The major concern associated with their application is the thermal stability in the high temperature power plant water medium, along with the risk of decomposition into low molecular weight organic acids that can cause corrosive damages in the water/steam cycle. However, there is still a lack of sufficient data on the thermal stability of FFA corrosion inhibitors. This paper presents a comprehensive critical review and state‐of‐the‐art assessment of the results obtained from studying the thermolysis of FFA corrosion inhibitors in power plant water/steam cycle conditions, highlighting the relevance for practical application and research needs. Temperature, exposure time, initial concentration, and alkalizing agents were identified as key factors influencing the thermal stability of FFA in high temperature power plant water. Organic acids are found in concentrations harmless to metal tubes. Advanced scientific background information and additional research are required on this topic.

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Viscosity of Ga-rich alloys in the Ga-In-Sn system

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

Critical Review on the Physical Properties of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals and Selected Pathways for Their Alteration

Corrosion-Resistant Functional Diamond Coatings for Reliable Interfacing of Liquid Metals with Solid Metals

Thermal stability of film forming amines‐based corrosion inhibitors in high temperature power plant water solutions

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