Visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised hosts

Fernández-Guerrero, Manuel L.; Aguado, J. M.; Buzón, L; Barros, Carlos; Montalbán, Carlos; Martín, Teodoro Martín; Bouza, Emilio

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90948-x

Cited by 197 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Death rates higher than those observed in the present study have been found in Natal, RN (9%) 34 and in the City of São Paulo (9.3%) 30 . Early diagnosis and treatment are required if morbidity and mortality from VL are to be reduced, as early-treated patients are clinically cured in 98% of cases, 34 while the fatality rate is near 95% in untreated cases 35 .…”

Section: Ethical Considerationscontrasting

confidence: 84%

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Profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 2002 to 2009

Brazuna

Silva

Brazuna³

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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INTRODUCTION: This study sought to describe the profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, from 2002 to 2009. METHODS: Human data were collected from the Brazilian National Information System for Notifiable Diseases. Canine cases and entomological data were obtained from the Information Service for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Control/Campo Grande, MS. RESULTS: A total of 951 records from 2002 to 2009 were investigated. The number of reported cases of VL in males was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that in females. The higher frequency observed among males was associated with age (p < 0.0001), which increased in individuals aged 40 years and older. The overall fatality rate was 7.4%. Entomological surveys conducted in 2006, 2007, and 2009 showed the insect vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to be present in all urban regions of the county. CONCLUSIONS: VL cases in humans and dogs, as well as in vectors, occurs in all urban regions of Campo Grande. Despite not observing tendencies of increase or reduction in the incidence of the disease due to aging, the major incidence in men is higher in those aged 40 years or above.

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Section: Ethical Considerationscontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…Early diagnosis and treatment are required if morbidity and mortality from VL are to be reduced, as early-treated patients are clinically cured in 98% of cases, 34 while the fatality rate is near 95% in untreated cases 35 .…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 2002 to 2009

Brazuna

Silva

Brazuna³

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…1 This event has already been demonstrated in patients treated with steroids or other immunosuppressive agents. 15,16 Previous studies have indicated that Leishmania may be a putative cofactor in the progression of HIV-related disease. 17 Our goal was to investigate in vitro the mutual immunologic relationship between HIV and Leishmania.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro production of type 1 and type 2 cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Leishmania infantum.

Nigro

Cacopardo²,

Preiser³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…VL in HIV patients has atypical clinical presentation; only 75% of HIV-infected patients, as opposed to 95% of non-HIV-infected patients, exhibit the characteristic clinical pattern -namely, fever, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and gastrointestinal involvement [114][115][116][117]. The diagnostic principles remain the same as those for non-HIV-infected patients.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Vl-hiv Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of leishmaniasis

Elmahallawy

Martínez

Rodríguez‐Grangér

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

151

119

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Leishmaniasis is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis encompasses subclinical ( not apparent), localized (skin lesion), and disseminated (cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral) infection. This spectrum of manifestations depends on the immune status of the host, on the parasite, and on immunoinflammatory responses. Visceral leishmaniasis causes high morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Reliable laboratory methods become mandatory for accurate diagnosis, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those infected with HIV. In this article, we review the current state of the diagnostic tools for leishmaniasis, especially the serological test.

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Visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised hosts

Cited by 197 publications

References 13 publications

Profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 2002 to 2009

Profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 2002 to 2009

In vitro production of type 1 and type 2 cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Leishmania infantum.

Diagnosis of leishmaniasis

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