Profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 2002 to 2009

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: This study sought to describe the profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, from 2002 to 2009. METHODS: Human data were collected from the Brazilian National Information System for Notifiable Diseases. Canine cases and entomological data were obtained from the Information Service for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Control/Campo Grande, MS. RESULTS: A total of 951 records from 2002 to 2009 were investigated. The number of reported cases of VL in males was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that in females. The higher frequency observed among males was associated with age (p < 0.0001), which increased in individuals aged 40 years and older. The overall fatality rate was 7.4%. Entomological surveys conducted in 2006, 2007, and 2009 showed the insect vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to be present in all urban regions of the county. CONCLUSIONS: VL cases in humans and dogs, as well as in vectors, occurs in all urban regions of Campo Grande. Despite not observing tendencies of increase or reduction in the incidence of the disease due to aging, the major incidence in men is higher in those aged 40 years or above.

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in Jaciara, State of Mato Grosso

“…This characteristic was also present in Jaciara because many of its dwellings are close to natural environments. Associations with other risk factors for infection were also found such as the presence of plantations (e.g., fruit trees), the proximity of homes with dogs to forests, wastelands, lush vegetation, and areas that had recently undergone environmental change, all of which are conditions suitable to the development of the vector 11 . The Brazilian Ministry of Heath has recommended using two serological techniques -ELISA as the screening test and IFAT as the confi rmatory method -because this approach has higher sensitivity and reduces the number of false positives 12 .…”

Dificuldades na execução das diretrizes do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral em grandes municípios brasileiros

“…Foram tomados cuidados especiais na análise do material para evitar a identificação dos programas municipais. A LV é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública enfrentados em Campo Grande, pois desde os primeiros relatos de casos em 2002 a incidência se manteve elevada, com altas taxas de letalidade 12,13 . Considerando-se o período entre 2011 e 2013, Campo Grande apresentou o maior coeficiente de incidência entre os quatro municípios com transmissão humana estudados.…”

High visceral leishmaniasis mortality rate in Barra Mansa, a new area of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…It has been reported previously that in areas of Brazil where VL is endemic, several factors are associated with death in VL patients: HIV co-infection, other associated infections, bleeding, jaundice, severe anemia, older age, co-morbidities, cardiotoxicity due to treatment, and use of meglumine antimoniate in patients with co-morbidities [11][12][13][14][15] . Some of these factors (bleeding, infection, and co-morbidities) were present in our patients; however, the small number of cases included in this study did not allow for statistical analysis regarding lethality.…”