Visceral adipose tissue differences in black and white women

Conway, Joan M.; Yanovski, Susan Z.; Avila, Nilo A.; Hubbard, Van S.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/61.4.765

Cited by 244 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Unlike the result of this study showing that the odds of hypertension is attributable to racial/ethnic differences in regional fat localizations, some investigators found higher insulin resistance in Black women than White women despite lower abdominal and truncal adiposities. [54][55][56] The observed differences in the association between regional obesity and hypertension in this study compared with others, highlights the need for a universal definition of these obesity phenotypes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…50,51 In populations of obese Pima Indians, abdominal obesity was found to be associated with elevated insulin and glucose concentrations. 52,53 The higher prevalences of abdominal and truncal obesities in Blacks in this study compared with lower values that have been observed by some investigators 54,55 may be attributed to differences the definitions of abdominal and truncal adiposities. Unlike the result of this study showing that the odds of hypertension is attributable to racial/ethnic differences in regional fat localizations, some investigators found higher insulin resistance in Black women than White women despite lower abdominal and truncal adiposities.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

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Regional fat localizations and racial/ethnic variations in odds of hypertension in at-risk American adults

et al. 2006

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The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of regional fat localizations defined as abdominal (AO) or truncal (TO) obesity in racial/ethnic differences to the prevalence odds of hypertension in overweight American adults. Data (n ¼ 5694) from the 1999-2002 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilized for this analysis. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference X102 and X88 cm for men and women, respectively. Truncal obesity was defined using ratio of subscapular to triceps skinfold thickness and were X2.24 and X1.32, for men and women, respectively. Prevalence odds ratios from gender-specific logistic regression models were used to evaluate the contribution of regional fat localizations to racial/ethnic variation in hypertension. Statistical adjustment was made for age, education, alcohol intake and body mass index. In both men and women, coexistence of AO and TO was associated with much higher prevalence odds of hypertension than association due to each of the regional fat localizations. In men, coexistence of AO and TO was associated with 1.99, 2.47 and 2.10 increased prevalence odds of hypertension in Whites, Blacks and Mexican Americans, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 2.83, 4.07 and 3.61 in Whites, Blacks and Mexican Americans, respectively. The coexistence of AO and TO appears to be the culprit that contributes to high blood pressure on top of body mass index. Weight reduction programs that are targeted toward abdominal and truncal regions in at-risk populations and along racial/ethnic lines may help to alleviate racial/ethnic disparity in risk of hypertension.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Regional fat localizations and racial/ethnic variations in odds of hypertension in at-risk American adults

et al. 2006

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“…8 The more cardioprotective plasma lipoprotein profile found in abdominally obese black vs white persons was partly explained by a lower visceral AT accumulation and a higher plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in black individuals. 9 Hence, as also shown in the WHO MONICA study, the issue of the sensitivity and specificity of detecting abdominal obesity may be populationspecific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measures of abdominal obesity assessed for visceral adiposity and relation to coronary risk

et al. 2004

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AIMS:We aimed to identify by computed tomography (CT) the best suited of three anthropometric indices that reflect the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and to discern the relationship between VAT and certain atherogenic risk factors and coronary heart disease (CHD) diagnosis in a population sample which had a high (34%) prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: A single-scan CT was performed between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae in 157 unselected men and women aged 34-69 y. Total adipose tissue area, abdominal VAT area and the abdominal sagittal diameter were determined. Diagnosis of CHD was based on clinical findings and Minnesota coding of resting electrocardiograms. RESULTS: Men had significantly higher VAT than women. Linear regression analysis for correlates of abdominal VAT area, in a model comprising age, sex, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) identified waist circumference as the only independent variable (Po0.001). Waist circumference in men and BMI in women were the independently associated parameters of sagittal diameter (Po0.001). By stepwise linear regression, it was elicited that VAT area rose significantly by a mean of 6.8 cm 2 in men and 3 cm 2 in women for every 1 cm increment in waist circumference, independent of WHR. Age in women and (inversely) BMI in men were further independent variables, indicating in men that a lower BMI at a given waist girth suggests the existence of a higher VAT. Apo B and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in men, and the latter in women were independently associated with VAT area in linear regression models that also comprised triglycerides, fasting insulin and C-reactive protein concentrations. In the study sample comprising 13 individuals with a CHD diagnosis, the age-adjusted odds ratio of cutpoints of VAT area 4 vs o140 cm 2 in men and 4 vs o120 cm 2 in women was 11.3 (95% CI (1.37, 93)). CONCLUSIONS: The best surrogate of visceral adiposity across a wide age range is waist circumference, in a population in which MS prevails. Apo B and HDL-C in men, and the latter in women were independently associated with VAT area, which proved to be closely related to CHD risk. A lower BMI at a given waist girth in men suggests the existence of a higher VAT.

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“…Some studies have shown that women of African descent are more susceptible to central obesity 11,12 , a condition that is strongly associated with chronic non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition and hypertension: a comparative study involving women from maroon communities and from the general population of Alagoas State, Brazil

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the body composition and prevalence of hypertension in maroon women from the State of Alagoas and compared these variables with those of non-maroon women from the same state. METHODS: The data were collected from two cross-sectional surveys done in 2005 and 2008. The first study included a representative sample of mothers of children aged 0 to 5 years from the State of Alagoas, and the second study included all women aged 18 to 60 years living in maroon communities (n=39) in the same state. Data were collected during home interviews. The prevalence ratio and respective 95% confidence interval given by the Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance was used as the measure of association. RESULTS: The study assessed 1,631 maroon women and 1,098 non-maroon mothers. Maroon women had lower education level, more children, higher prevalence of hypertension and stunting, and higher age at menarche, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio. After adjustment for age, the following prevalences remained higher in maroon women: hypertension (PR=1.81; 95%CI: 1.49; 2.21), WC >80cm (PR=1.23 95%CI: 1.11; 1.37), WHtR >0.5 (PR=1.11; 95%CI: 1.02; 1.21), and WHR >0.85 (PR=1.64; 95%CI: 1.43; 1.88). CONCLUSION: Maroon women belong to lower socioeconomic classes than non-maroon women and are at greater risk of abdominal obesity and hypertension, characteristics that make them especially vulnerable to the morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases, justifying the preferential implementation of measures of care.

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Visceral adipose tissue differences in black and white women

Cited by 244 publications

References 27 publications

Regional fat localizations and racial/ethnic variations in odds of hypertension in at-risk American adults

Regional fat localizations and racial/ethnic variations in odds of hypertension in at-risk American adults

Measures of abdominal obesity assessed for visceral adiposity and relation to coronary risk

Body composition and hypertension: a comparative study involving women from maroon communities and from the general population of Alagoas State, Brazil

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