Bariatric surgery promotes adequate reduction of excess body weight, with significant weight regain observed after five years; post-operative time and work activity related to eating out as determining factors for the occurrence of weight regain.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the body composition and prevalence of hypertension in maroon women from the State of Alagoas and compared these variables with those of non-maroon women from the same state. METHODS: The data were collected from two cross-sectional surveys done in 2005 and 2008. The first study included a representative sample of mothers of children aged 0 to 5 years from the State of Alagoas, and the second study included all women aged 18 to 60 years living in maroon communities (n=39) in the same state. Data were collected during home interviews. The prevalence ratio and respective 95% confidence interval given by the Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance was used as the measure of association. RESULTS: The study assessed 1,631 maroon women and 1,098 non-maroon mothers. Maroon women had lower education level, more children, higher prevalence of hypertension and stunting, and higher age at menarche, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio. After adjustment for age, the following prevalences remained higher in maroon women: hypertension (PR=1.81; 95%CI: 1.49; 2.21), WC >80cm (PR=1.23 95%CI: 1.11; 1.37), WHtR >0.5 (PR=1.11; 95%CI: 1.02; 1.21), and WHR >0.85 (PR=1.64; 95%CI: 1.43; 1.88). CONCLUSION: Maroon women belong to lower socioeconomic classes than non-maroon women and are at greater risk of abdominal obesity and hypertension, characteristics that make them especially vulnerable to the morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases, justifying the preferential implementation of measures of care.
Objective: This study investigated the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on head circumference (HC) among children living in impoverished communities. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children 12-60 months old from the 39 quilombos located in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. HC deficit was defined by a z-score of less than -2 from the median (based on the 2006 World Health Organization growth standards). Prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust adjustment of the variance, and estimates were adjusted for possible confounders (anthropometric, socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related variables). Results: We evaluated 725 children (365 boys and 360 girls). The prevalence of HC deficit was 13.3% among those children who were exclusively breastfed for less than 30 days, 10.6% among those exclusively breastfed for 30-119 days, and 5.8% among those who were exclusively breastfed for 120 days or more. Even after controlling for possible confounding variables, exclusive breastfeeding for ‡ 4 months decreased the risk of HC deficit (prevalence ratio, 0.48; 95% CI 0.24, 0.99). Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding for ‡ 4 months was associated with a larger HC in children exposed to great social vulnerability in impoverished communities.
Background The processing of food can cause changes that turn them into risk factors for chronic diseases. A higher degree of food processing is associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors, focusing on a population group especially subjected to precarious living conditions and food insecurity. Method Cross-sectional population-based study with women (19 to 59 years) from Quilombola communities of Alagoas. The socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, health status, lifestyle, and food intake (24-h recall) variables were analyzed. The dependent variable was the MetS, defined using the harmonization criteria of the Joint Interim Statement, and its components. The foods consumed were categorized according to the Nova Classification, assuming the highest UPF consumption as risk exposure. The measure of association was the prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95%CI, calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance. We also analyzed the association with the Nova score of UPF consumption. Results We investigated 895 women (38.9 ± 11.0 years), of whom 48.3% had MetS. On average, 15.9% of the total energy intake came from UPF. Lower Nova scores were associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes and low HDL. Higher UPF consumption was associated with a 30% higher prevalence of hypertension (PR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.06–1.61). Conclusion The highest UPF consumption was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension, while a lower Nova score was a protective factor against diabetes and low HDL. UPF consumption in Quilombola communities is important but lower than that observed in the Brazilian population in general. It is suggested that public health programs be implemented to promote healthy eating while valuing the existing eating habits and traditions among the remaining Brazilian Quilombola people.
Resumo O presente artigo teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de alimentos protetores e preditores de risco cardiovascular (CV) e sua relação com fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) por hipertensos do estado de Alagoas. Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 655 adultos, hipertensos, de ambos os sexos, estudados no período de 2013 a 2016. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por um questionário de frequência alimentar validado com mensuração convertida em escores e os alimentos foram divididos em três grupos: I - processados/preditores de risco CV; II - ultraprocessados/maiores preditores de risco CV; III - alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados/protetores de risco CV. Foram também analisadas variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, bioquímicas, clínicas e antropométricas. Os escores de consumo dos grupos de alimentos I, II e III foram, respectivamente, 0,11; 0,13 e 0,24 (p = 0,001). O consumo de alimentos processados se correlacionou positivamente com o colesterol sérico elevado (p = 0,045) e negativamente com a idade (p = 0,001); já o de alimentos ultraprocessados correlacionou-se com o sedentarismo (p = 0,01). Assim, observou-se relação entre o consumo de alimentos preditores de risco CV com sedentarismo e colesterol elevado, refletindo a necessidade de ações de educação nutricional.
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