“…As tabelas 5 e 6 resumem os resultados das análises estatísticas feitas para as comparações entre o grupo experimental e controle, bem como para as condições atletas e sedentários. Alterações de discriminação de cores já foram descritas anteriormente em pacientes diabéticos: alguns trabalhos sobre discriminação cromática em diabéticos também encontraram perdas funcionais tanto em pacientes com DM tipo 1 (Kurtenbach et al, 2015;Garcia, 2012, Giusti, 2001Lombrail et al, 1984) quanto em pacientes tipo 2 (Gella et al;Feitosa-Santana et al, 2010, Andrade et al;2014;Radwan et al,2015).…”
GARCIA, V. D. The effect of physical exercise on the vision of type 1 diabetes patients: psychophysical and electrophysiological evaluation.2016. 100p. Thesis (doctoral) -Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São PauloThe study compared visual functions of sedentary and athlete patients with type 1 diabetes, and respective controls, using computerized psychophysical and electrophysiological tests. Materials and Methods: 33 Patients with type 1 diabetes, divided into two experimental groups: athlete diabetics (n = 15; age = 33.33 ± 6.78; rate of disease = 16.19 ± 6.63) and sedentary diabetics ( n = 18 age = 28.94 ± 6.04; rate of disease = 15.92 ± 8.46) and 40 control subjects: athlete control (n = 20; age = 32.0 ± 5.61) and sedentary control (n = 20; age = 27.05 5.60) were subjected to tests of: color vision and contrast sensitivity -Cambridge Colour Test -CCT; pattern electroretinogram -(PERG) and laboratorial analysis of nitric oxide and endothelinusing chemiluminescence and ELISA. The comparisons between groups were made through the nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis test). Results: compared the control group, the diabetic group showed significant losses (1) in color discrimination in the protan axis and in ellipse area (2) in several spatial frequencies of the luminance spatial contrast sensitivity function; (3) a reduction in PERG amplitude and (4) dysfunction of endothelial factors. The athlete diabetic group showed increased concentration of nitric oxide compared to the sedentary diabetic group. No correlations were found between the endothelial factors and visual functions.Conclusion: losses in psychophysical and electrophysiological functions were found in patients with type 1 diabetes. The findings support the hypothesis that visual losses are due to the post-receptoral pathways. Increased nitric oxide concentration found in athlete diabetic patients, confirm the findings of the literature that physical exercise can increase the bioavailability this endothelial factor. However this increase in bioavailability was not reflected in the recovery of losses in visual functions, since there was no correlation between changes in endothelial factors and results of visual assessment. In conclusion, the exercise did not promote protection against visual losses due to diabetes.
“…As tabelas 5 e 6 resumem os resultados das análises estatísticas feitas para as comparações entre o grupo experimental e controle, bem como para as condições atletas e sedentários. Alterações de discriminação de cores já foram descritas anteriormente em pacientes diabéticos: alguns trabalhos sobre discriminação cromática em diabéticos também encontraram perdas funcionais tanto em pacientes com DM tipo 1 (Kurtenbach et al, 2015;Garcia, 2012, Giusti, 2001Lombrail et al, 1984) quanto em pacientes tipo 2 (Gella et al;Feitosa-Santana et al, 2010, Andrade et al;2014;Radwan et al,2015).…”
GARCIA, V. D. The effect of physical exercise on the vision of type 1 diabetes patients: psychophysical and electrophysiological evaluation.2016. 100p. Thesis (doctoral) -Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São PauloThe study compared visual functions of sedentary and athlete patients with type 1 diabetes, and respective controls, using computerized psychophysical and electrophysiological tests. Materials and Methods: 33 Patients with type 1 diabetes, divided into two experimental groups: athlete diabetics (n = 15; age = 33.33 ± 6.78; rate of disease = 16.19 ± 6.63) and sedentary diabetics ( n = 18 age = 28.94 ± 6.04; rate of disease = 15.92 ± 8.46) and 40 control subjects: athlete control (n = 20; age = 32.0 ± 5.61) and sedentary control (n = 20; age = 27.05 5.60) were subjected to tests of: color vision and contrast sensitivity -Cambridge Colour Test -CCT; pattern electroretinogram -(PERG) and laboratorial analysis of nitric oxide and endothelinusing chemiluminescence and ELISA. The comparisons between groups were made through the nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis test). Results: compared the control group, the diabetic group showed significant losses (1) in color discrimination in the protan axis and in ellipse area (2) in several spatial frequencies of the luminance spatial contrast sensitivity function; (3) a reduction in PERG amplitude and (4) dysfunction of endothelial factors. The athlete diabetic group showed increased concentration of nitric oxide compared to the sedentary diabetic group. No correlations were found between the endothelial factors and visual functions.Conclusion: losses in psychophysical and electrophysiological functions were found in patients with type 1 diabetes. The findings support the hypothesis that visual losses are due to the post-receptoral pathways. Increased nitric oxide concentration found in athlete diabetic patients, confirm the findings of the literature that physical exercise can increase the bioavailability this endothelial factor. However this increase in bioavailability was not reflected in the recovery of losses in visual functions, since there was no correlation between changes in endothelial factors and results of visual assessment. In conclusion, the exercise did not promote protection against visual losses due to diabetes.
“…Além disso, foi incluído no estudo a avaliação de pacientes Diabéticos tipo 1 que aplica testes complementares aos aplicados no estudo da doutorando Valéria Duarte Garcia (Garcia 2012 Este estudo faz parte de dois projetos de pesquisa financiados por agência de fomento. O projeto intitulado "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos eletrorretinográficos e psicofísicos para avaliação de mecanismos on e off nas vias visuais de luminância e de oponência cromática na Diabetes Mellitus e na distrofia muscular de Duchenne" foi financiado pela FAPESP (2012/01115-3) e permitiu a compra dos dois equipamentos utilizados para avaliação eletrofisiológica e psicofísica.…”
Section: Prefáciounclassified
“…Além do atraso e diminuição da amplitude de resposta no ERG multifocal em pacientes de DM1 e DM2 (Kurtenbach Schiefer, Neu, & Zrenner, 1999;Klemp et al 2005, Gualtieri 2008, Garcia 2012.…”
Section: Diabetes Mellitus Tipounclassified
“…Na visão de cores de pacientes DM1 há deficiência na discriminação de cores (Green et al, 1985;Hardy, Lipton, Scase, Foster, & Scarpello, 1992), presença de defeito de visão difuso no Cambridge Color Test (CCT) em DM tipo 2 (Gualtieri 2004, Santana et al 2010, com maior perda no eixo tritan (Garcia, 2012). Os resultados nos protocolos Trivector e Ellipses do CCT mostram diferenças significativas entre pacientes diabéticos sem retinopatia e grupo controle (Gualtieri et al, 2013) A escolha deste grupo experimental para este estudo está relacionada ao dano na camada interna da retina.…”
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