O efeito do exercício físico sobre a visão de indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1: avaliação psicofísica e eletrofisiológica

Abstract

GARCIA, V. D. The effect of physical exercise on the vision of type 1 diabetes patients: psychophysical and electrophysiological evaluation.2016. 100p. Thesis (doctoral) -Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São PauloThe study compared visual functions of sedentary and athlete patients with type 1 diabetes, and respective controls, using computerized psychophysical and electrophysiological tests. Materials and Methods: 33 Patients with type 1 diabetes, divided into two experimental groups: athlete diabetics (n = 15; age = 33.33 ± 6.78; rate of disease = 16.19 ± 6.63) and sedentary diabetics ( n = 18 age = 28.94 ± 6.04; rate of disease = 15.92 ± 8.46) and 40 control subjects: athlete control (n = 20; age = 32.0 ± 5.61) and sedentary control (n = 20; age = 27.05  5.60) were subjected to tests of: color vision and contrast sensitivity -Cambridge Colour Test -CCT; pattern electroretinogram -(PERG) and laboratorial analysis of nitric oxide and endothelinusing chemiluminescence and ELISA. The comparisons between groups were made through the nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis test). Results: compared the control group, the diabetic group showed significant losses (1) in color discrimination in the protan axis and in ellipse area (2) in several spatial frequencies of the luminance spatial contrast sensitivity function; (3) a reduction in PERG amplitude and (4) dysfunction of endothelial factors. The athlete diabetic group showed increased concentration of nitric oxide compared to the sedentary diabetic group. No correlations were found between the endothelial factors and visual functions.Conclusion: losses in psychophysical and electrophysiological functions were found in patients with type 1 diabetes. The findings support the hypothesis that visual losses are due to the post-receptoral pathways. Increased nitric oxide concentration found in athlete diabetic patients, confirm the findings of the literature that physical exercise can increase the bioavailability this endothelial factor. However this increase in bioavailability was not reflected in the recovery of losses in visual functions, since there was no correlation between changes in endothelial factors and results of visual assessment. In conclusion, the exercise did not promote protection against visual losses due to diabetes.