Viruses Infecting Marine Molluscs

Renault, Tristan

doi:10.1002/9781118025710.ch6

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Since 2008, mortality outbreaks have mainly been associated with the presence of a new herpesvirus strain, the ostreid herpesvirus-1 microvariant (OsHV-1 µVar, hereafter simply 'OsHV-1') infecting Pacific oysters during the summer period, concomitant with a rapid increase of sea water temperature (Renault 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infections of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas using the Australian ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) µVar strain

Paul-Pont

Evans²,

Dhand³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infections of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas using the Australian ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) µVar strain

Paul-Pont

Evans²,

Dhand³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…The lack of suitable molluscan cell lines for the isolation and replication of these viruses in vitro has made further study of these viruses difficult. Therefore, the use of molecular biological techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gene sequencing and in situ hybridisation, has become an essential strategy for the detection and identification of herpesviruses in molluscan species (Renault et al 2000, Arzul et al 2001, Barbosa-Solomieu et al 2005, Webb et al 2007, Pepin et al 2008, Renault 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a TaqMan® PCR assay for the Australian abalone herpes-like virus

Corbeil¹,

Colling²,

Williams³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The recent emergence of a herpes-like virus in both farmed and wild populations of abalone in Victoria, Australia, has been associated with high mortality rates in animals of all ages. Based on viral genome sequence information, a virus-specific real-time TaqMan assay was developed for detection and identification of the abalone herpes-like virus (AbHV). The assay was shown to be specific as it did not detect other viruses from either the Herpesvirales or the Iridovirales orders which have genome sequence similarities. However, the TaqMan assay was able to detect DNA from the Taiwanese abalone herpes-like virus, suggesting a relationship between the Taiwanese and Australian viruses. In addition, the assay detected < 300 copies of recombinant plasmid DNA per reaction. Performance characteristics for the AbHV TaqMan assay were established using 1673 samples from different abalone populations in Victoria and Tasmania. The highest diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 96.7 (95% CI: 82.7 to 99.4) and 99.7 (95% CI: 99.3 to 99.9), respectively, at a threshold cycle (C T ) value of 35.8. The results from 2 separate laboratories indicated good repeatability and reproducibility. This molecular assay has already proven useful in confirming presumptive diagnosis (based on the presence of ganglioneuritis) of diseased abalone in Victorian waters as well as being a tool for surveillance of wild abalone stocks in other parts of Australia.

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“…Initial characterization of the genome of oyster herpesvirus (named ostreid herpesvirus 1) and comparison of the gene sequence and morphological structure of herpesviruses of mammals and birds, fish and amphibians, and invertebrates including molluscs (e.g. oyster, clam) support the view that three major lineages of herpesviruses have evolved from a common ancestor (Davison, 2002;Renault, 2008). The abalone herpesvirus (AbHV) genome has been sequenced (Fegan et al, 2009;Savin et al, 2010) and a 59 682 bp portion of the sequence, deposited in GenBank (accession no.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

In vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus in the abalone Haliotis laevigata

Vinh

Benkendorff

Speck

2010

Journal of General Virology

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As viruses are extremely abundant in oceans, marine organisms may have evolved novel metabolites to protect themselves from viral infection. This research examined a well-known commercial gastropod, abalone (Haliotidae), which in Australia have recently experienced disease due to a neurotropic infection, abalone viral ganglioneuritis, caused by an abalone herpesvirus (AbHV). Due to the lack of molluscan cell lines for culturing AbHV, the antiviral activity of the abalone Haliotis laevigata was assessed against another neurotropic herpesvirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), using a plaque assay. The concentration range at which abalone extract was used for antiviral testing caused minimal (,10 %) mortality in Vero cells. Haemolymph (20 %, v/v) and lipophilic extract of the digestive gland (3000 mg ml "1 ) both substantially decreased the number and size of plaques. By adding haemolymph or lipophilic extract at different times during the plaque assay, it was shown that haemolymph inhibited viral infection at an early stage. In contrast, the antiviral effect of the lipophilic extract was greatest when added 1 h after infection, suggesting that it may act at an intracellular stage of infection. These results suggest that abalone have at least two antiviral compounds with different modes of action against viral infection, and provide a novel lead for marine antiviral drug discovery. INTRODUCTIONThe greatest biodiversity on earth is found in oceans, with 32 of the 33 animal phyla, 14 of which are not found on land (Nybakken & Bertness, 2005). Currently there are an estimated 230 000-275 000 taxonomically described marine species, and with the new species inventory accruing 1300-1500 species a year, there is predicted to be between 1.4-1.6 million species of macrofauna and flora in the ocean (Bouchet, 2006). Viruses are also abundant in oceans, with about 10 9 or more viruses per litre of water, exceeding numbers of bacteria and Archaea by about 15-fold (Bergh et al., 1989;Fuhrman, 1999;Suttle, 2007). Viral infections are common in marine environments, with an estimated 10 23 infections occurring every second (Suttle, 2007).Due to natural selection, a range of antiviral agents may have evolved in marine organisms to protect them from viruses. The innate defences available to marine organisms can include secondary metabolites, bioactive peptides and proteins, thus serving as models for the development of new drugs for treating human disease. Indeed, several important antiviral compounds of marine origin have been reported, including didemnins (Caribbean tunicate, Trididemnum solidum), eudistomins (shallow-water tunicates within the genus Eudistoma), mycalamide A and B (New Zealand sponge, Mycale sp.), papuamides A (Theonella mirabilis and Theonella swinhoei sponges), avarone (Dysidea avara sponge), gymnochrome D (fossil crinoid Gymnocrinus richer), microspinosamide (Sidonops microspinosa sponge), solenolide A (gorgonian of the genus Solenopodium), hennoxazole A (Polyfibrospongia sp. sponge), thyrsiferol (red alg...

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Viruses Infecting Marine Molluscs

Abstract: Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site.

Cited by 11 publications

References 95 publications

Experimental infections of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas using the Australian ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) µVar strain

Experimental infections of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas using the Australian ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) µVar strain

Development and validation of a TaqMan® PCR assay for the Australian abalone herpes-like virus

In vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus in the abalone Haliotis laevigata

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