Virus survival on vegetables spray-irrigated with wastewater

Ward, Bryan K.; Irving, Louise G.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(87)90099-6

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…was \1 log after 50 days storage at 4 and 8°C (Dawson et al 2005). Similar observations were reported for virus survival in vegetables (celery, spinach, lettuce, and tomato) at 4°C after irrigation with wastewater (Ward and Irving 1987). Therefore, the use of raw vegetables like parsley and leek after even one week of treatment with wastewater in farm will have high risk for consumers, because of cool storage at home.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Application of F+RNA Coliphages as Source Tracking Enteric Viruses on Parsley and Leek Using RT-PCR

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to identify sources of fecal contamination in leek and parsley, by using four different F(+)RNA coliphage genogroups (IV, I indicate animal fecal contamination and II, III indicate human fecal contamination). Three different concentrations (10(2), 10(4), 10(6) pfu/ml) of MS2 coliphage were inoculated on the surface of parsley and leek samples for detection of phage recovery efficiency among two methods of elution concentration (PEG-precipitation and Ultracentrifugation) by performing double agar layer (DAL) assay in three replications. Highest recovery of MS2 was observed in PEG method and in 10(6) inoculation concentration. Accordingly, the PEG method was used for washing and isolation of potentially contaminated phages of 30 collected samples (15 samples from the market and 15 samples from the farm). The final solutions of PEG method were tested for the enumeration of plaques by DAL assay. Total RNA was then extracted from recovered phages, and RT-PCR was performed by using four primer sets I, II, III, and IV. Incidence of F(+)RNA coliphages was observed in 12/15 (80 %) and 10/15 (66/6 %) of samples were obtained from farm and market, respectively, using both DAL and RT-PCR test methods. Different genotypes (I, II, and IV) of F(+)RNA coliphages were found in farm samples, while only genotype I was detected in market samples by using the primer sets. Due to the higher frequency of genotype I and IV, the absence of genotype III, and also the low frequency of genotype II, it is concluded that the contamination of vegetable (parsley and leek) in Neyshabour, Iran is most likely originated from animal sources.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Application of F+RNA Coliphages as Source Tracking Enteric Viruses on Parsley and Leek Using RT-PCR

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lettuce was more suitable than the other two produce types for virus survival at both 25 and 4°C through direct or soaked inoculation methods. Ward and Irving (1987) spray irrigated celery, spinach, lettuce, and tomato crops with 3-5 log infectious units/l poliovirus or adenovirus seeded wastewater. Poliovirus was rapidly inactivated within 48 h in the field environment, with low levels still detected on spinach after 13 days, on celery and tomato for 4 and 6 days, respectively, but undetectable levels on lettuce after 48 h. Adenovirus was inactivated quickly and became undetectable as early as 24 h on lettuce after irrigation.…”

Section: Virus Survival On Plant Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-harvest Viral Contamination of Crops Originating from Fecal Matter

Wei

Kniel

2010

Food Environ Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The quantitative microbial risks associated with wastewater application on salad crops have been studied . The survival of enteric bacteria and viruses in soil and on plant leaves have been studied (Kott and Lea 1974;Ward and Irving 1987) and it has been shown that in soil plant system enteric viruses such as poliovirus, hepatitis A virus can survive for long time (Tierney et al 1977;Wei et al 2010). Most of these studies focused on crops where the eatable part of the plant was grown near the soil surface (lettuce).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Drip Irrigation Method, Soil, and Virus Type on Tomato and Cucumber Contamination

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of this study was to better quantify the degree of viral contamination of tomato and cucumber in relationship to virus type, soil type, and irrigation method. Tomatoes and cucumbers were grown in ten-gallon (37.8 L) buckets filled with Pima clay loam or Brazito sandy loam soils. Plants were irrigated with secondary wastewater effluent using surface drip irrigation or subsurface drip irrigation. At specified time intervals irrigation water was seeded with bacteriophages MS-2 and P22, poliovirus type 1 (PV1), enteric adenovirus 40 (Ead 40), and hepatitis A virus. Surface drip irrigation always resulted in viral contamination of both the above and below ground parts of both crops. The roots showed the greatest level of contamination, followed by leaves and fruits. In contrast, with subsurface drip irrigation no viruses were detected in any of the above ground plant surfaces. It was found that under similar soil type and irrigation method, risk of crop contamination was similar for all of the viruses studied. It can be concluded that method of irrigation is the single most critical factor in the contamination trend of different parts of crop plants. Plant parts can be categorized into three groups (root, stem, and leaf/fruit) based on the risk of viral contamination from irrigation water.

show abstract

Virus survival on vegetables spray-irrigated with wastewater

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Application of F+RNA Coliphages as Source Tracking Enteric Viruses on Parsley and Leek Using RT-PCR

Application of F+RNA Coliphages as Source Tracking Enteric Viruses on Parsley and Leek Using RT-PCR

Pre-harvest Viral Contamination of Crops Originating from Fecal Matter

Impact of Drip Irrigation Method, Soil, and Virus Type on Tomato and Cucumber Contamination

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About