VIRUS: production and deployment of a massively replicated fiber integral field spectrograph for the upgraded Hobby-Eberly Telescope

Hill, Gary J.; Tuttle, Sarah; Drory, Niv; Lee, Hanshin; Vattiat, Brian L.; DePoy, D. L.; Marshall, J. L.; Kelz, Andreas; Haynes, Dionne; Fabricius, Maximilian; Gebhardt, Karl; Allen, Richard D.; Anwad, Heiko; Bender, Ralf; Blanc, Guillermo A.; Chonis, Taylor S.; Cornell, Mark E.; Dalton, Gavin; Good, John M.; Jähn, Thomas; Kriel, Hermanus; Landriau, Martin; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Murphy, J.H.; Peterson, Trent; Prochaska, Travis; Nicklas, H.; Ramsey, Jason; Roth, Martin; Savage, Richard; Snigula, J.

doi:10.1117/12.2056911

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…These criteria influenced the design of the system toward making each microcamera an independent unit that can be easily installed and replaced. This strategy allows us to take advantage of economies of scale, similar to the use of modular integral field spectrograph units planned for use in the VIRUS integral spectrometer array [10]. In addition, as was seen in Table 1, the micro-optics alignment tolerance is much tighter than the subassembly tolerance.…”

Section: A Micro-camera Designmentioning

confidence: 97%

Optomechanical design of multiscale gigapixel digital camera

et al. 2013

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Recent developments in multiscale imaging systems have opened up the possibility for commercially viable wide-field gigapixel cameras. While multiscale design principles allow tremendous simplification of the optical design, they place increased emphasis on optomechanics and system level integration of the camera as a whole. In this paper we present the optomechanical design of a prototype two-gigapixel system (AWARE-2) that has been constructed and tested.

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Section: A Micro-camera Designmentioning

confidence: 97%

Optomechanical design of multiscale gigapixel digital camera

et al. 2013

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“…None of these instruments, however, are (presently) designed to perform polarization observations. Briefly, HETDEX is a ground-based experiment, equipped with a spectrograph and 150 integral field units (IFUs; Hill et al 2014), that will perform a blind wide-field spectroscopic survey. HETDEX is expected to detect ∼ 0.8 million LAEs in the redshift range 1.9 < z < 3.5, and over an area of ∼ 400 deg 2 on the sky for three years.…”

Section: Detectability Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lyman-αpolarization intensity mapping

Mas-Ribas¹,

Chang

2020

Phys. Rev. D

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We present a formalism that incorporates hydrogen Lyman-alpha (Lyα) polarization arising from the scattering of radiation in galaxy halos into the intensity mapping approach. Using the halo model, and Lyα emission profiles based on simulations and observations, we calcualte auto and cross power spectra at redshifts 3 ≤ z ≤ 13 for the Lyα total intensity, I, polarized intensity, P, degree of polarization, Π = P/I, and two new quantities, the astrophysical E and B modes of Lyα polarization. The one-halo terms of the Π power spectra show a turnover that signals the average extent of the polarization signal, and thus the extent of the scattering medium. The position of this feature depends on redshift, as well as on the specific emission profile shape and extent, in our formalism. Therefore, the comparison of various Lyα polarization quantities and redshifts can break degeneracies between competing effects, and it can reveal the true shape of the emission profiles, which, in turn, are associated to the physical properties of the cool gas in galaxy halos. Furthermore, measurements of Lyα E and B modes may be used as probes of galaxy evolution, because they are related to the average degree of anisotropy in the emission and in the halo gas distribution across redshifts. The detection of the polarization signal at z ∼ 3 − 5 requires improvements in the sensitivity of current ground-based experiments by a factor of ∼ 10, and of ∼ 100 for space-based instruments targeting the redshifts z ∼ 9 − 10, the exact values depending on the specific redshift and experiment. Interloper contamination in polarization is expected to be small, because the interlopers need to also be polarized. Overall, Lyα polarization boosts the amount of physical information retrievable on galaxies and their surroundings, most of it not achievable with total emission alone.

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“…The 280 fibers are coupled to the alloy hole block in the same way as VIRUS as described in Ref. 9. The hole block is then fastened to the input head base.…”

Section: Mechanical Design and Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VIRUS camera and detector system design is described in detail in Ref. 9. As with the LRS2 collimator assemblies, only minor modification is needed to convert a VIRUS camera pair for use with LRS2-B or LRS2-R, and the construction of the two LRS2 camera assemblies follows directly from the assembly line methods used for VIRUS.…”

Section: Cameras and Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To carry out the 120 night blind spectroscopic survey covering a 420 degree 2 field (9 Gpc 3 ), the HET will be outfitted with a revolutionary new multiplexed instrument called the Visible Integral Field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS; Ref. 9). VIRUS consists of at least 150 copies of a simple fiber-fed integral field spectrograph and is the first optical astronomical instrument to leverage the economies of scale associated with large-scale replication to significantly reduce overall costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LRS2: the new facility low resolution integral field spectrograph for the Hobby-Eberly telescope

et al. 2014

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The second generation Low Resolution Spectrograph (LRS2) is a new facility instrument for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). Based on the design of the Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS), which is the new flagship instrument for carrying out the HET Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX), LRS2 provides integral field spectroscopy for a seeing-limited field of 12 ×6 . For LRS2, the replicable design of VIRUS has been leveraged to gain broad wavelength coverage from 370 nm to 1.0 µm, spread between two fiber-fed dualchannel spectrographs, each of which can operate as an independent instrument. The blue spectrograph, LRS2-B, covers 370 ≤ λ (nm) ≤ 470 and 460 ≤ λ (nm) ≤ 700 at fixed resolving powers of R = λ/δλ ≈ 1900 and 1100, respectively, while the red spectrograph, LRS2-R, covers 650 ≤ λ (nm) ≤ 842 and 818 ≤ λ (nm) ≤ 1050 with both of its channels having R ≈ 1800. In this paper, we present a detailed description of the instrument's design in which we focus on the departures from the basic VIRUS framework. The primary modifications include the fore-optics that are used to feed the fiber integral field units at unity fill-factor, the cameras' correcting optics and detectors, and the volume phase holographic grisms. We also present a model of the instrument's sensitivity and a description of specific science cases that have driven the design of LRS2, including systematically studying the spatially resolved properties of extended Lyα blobs at 2 < z < 3. LRS2 will provide a powerful spectroscopic follow-up platform for large surveys such as HETDEX.

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VIRUS: production and deployment of a massively replicated fiber integral field spectrograph for the upgraded Hobby-Eberly Telescope

Cited by 16 publications

References 61 publications

Optomechanical design of multiscale gigapixel digital camera

Optomechanical design of multiscale gigapixel digital camera

Lyman-αpolarization intensity mapping

LRS2: the new facility low resolution integral field spectrograph for the Hobby-Eberly telescope

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